Oat and Wheat as Contact Allergens in Personal Care Products

Pootongkam, Suwimon; Nedorost, Susan T.

doi:10.1097/der.0b013e3182a745f8

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Likewise, purely lipid‐based vehicles can lead to an impaired skin barrier and facilitate deeper penetration of allergens into the skin. The same potential risk has to be observed for a number of natural – partly insufficiently purified – ingredients such as bisabolol, oat extract or lanolin when used in patients with damaged skin .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Diagnosis and treatment of xerosis cutis – a position paper

Augustin

Wilsmann‐Theis²,

Körber³

et al. 2019

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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Summary Background and rationale Xerosis cutis (also referred to as xeroderma, dry skin, asteatosis) affects more than 10 million individuals in Germany. It is among the most common dermatological diagnoses and a cardinal symptom of many dermatological, internal and neurological diseases. Even though it has been established that basic skin care plays a significant role in the management of patients with xerosis cutis, there are as yet no evidence‐based algorithms for diagnosis and treatment. Objective The present position paper provides physicians across all specialties with a practical, symptom‐based approach to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of xerosis cutis. Methods Within a structured decision‐making process, a panel of experienced dermatologists first defined questions relevant to everyday clinical practice, which were then addressed by a systematic review of the literature. Based on the evidence available as well as expert consensus, diagnostic and treatment algorithms were subsequently developed and agreed upon. Results Xerosis cutis is generally diagnosed on clinical grounds. Possible trigger factors must be avoided, and comorbidities should be adequately and specifically treated. Suitable skin care products should be chosen with a view to improving skin hydration and restoring its barrier function. They should therefore contain both rehydrating and lipid‐replenishing components. The “drier” the skin appears, the greater the lipid content should be (preferably using water‐in‐oil formulations). The choice of ingredients is based on a patient's individual symptoms, such as scaling (e.g., urea), fissures/rhagades (e.g., urea or dexpanthenol), erythema (e.g., licochalcone A) and pruritus (e.g., polidocanol). Other factors to be considered include the site affected and patient age. Ingredients or rather combinations thereof for which there is good clinical evidence should be preferentially used. The best evidence by far is available for urea, whose efficacy in the treatment of xerosis is further enhanced by combining it with other natural moisturizing components and ceramides. The “xerosimeter” is a tool developed in an effort to facilitate patient management and for training purposes. It not only includes practical tools for diagnosis and follow‐up but also a classification of ingredients and a structured treatment algorithm. Conclusion The structured symptom‐ and evidence‐based approach proposed herein contains a road map for diagnosis and treatment of xerosis cutis. It aims to raise awareness in terms of prevention and early treatment of this condition and may thus improve quality of life and prevent potential sequelae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Diagnosis and treatment of xerosis cutis – a position paper

Augustin

Wilsmann‐Theis²,

Körber³

et al. 2019

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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“…Natural components found in personal care products may be proteins from some of the major allergenic foods such as cow’s milk, peanut, soy, and wheat [8-10]. Wheat proteins, particularly, and their derivatives are used as components in various cosmetics and personal care products [11]. It is the quality of gluten that gives wheat its unique capabilities, including the capacity for water absorption, viscosity, and elasticity [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Animal Model for Wheat Allergy Skin Sensitisation: A Comparative Study in Naive versus Tolerant Brown Norway Rats

Ballegaard

Madsen

Bøgh³

2018

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Allergic sensitisation to foods may occur in infancy without prior oral exposure to the offending food, leading to the assumption that food allergy sensitisation may occur through the skin. Concerns have been raised regarding the safety of use of personal care products containing hydrolysed wheat proteins, since these products have been shown to induce allergy through the skin, and even cause an abrogation of an already established oral tolerance. Objective: To establish an animal model for food allergy skin sensitisation and compare the sensitising capacity of an unmodified and an acid-hydrolysed gluten product via slightly damaged skin in naïve versus tolerant rats. Methods: Gluten products were applied on the slightly damaged skin of naïve or tolerant Brown Norway (BN) rats without adjuvant 3 times per week for 3 or 5 consecutive weeks. The effect of the skin applications was evaluated by means of different ELISAs and immunoblotting. Results: A robust animal model was developed for food allergy skin sensitisation. In naïve rats, both gluten products were able to induce a statistically significant level of specific antibodies and sensitise through the skin, but in the wheat-tolerant rats, only the acid-hydrolysed gluten was able to sensitise through the skin, albeit at a level much lower than in the naïve rats. Results showed that new epitopes had been developed as a result of acid hydrolysis but original epitopes were maintained. This may explain why only the acid-hydrolysed gluten could induce specific antibody responses in the tolerant animals. Conclusions: This study showed that it is possible to sensitise BN rats through slightly damaged skin, and that the sensitising capacity is heavily influenced by the tolerance status of their immune system and the degree of modification of the wheat products.

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“…48,[143][144][145] However, some cases of oat and wheat sensitization have been reported in the literature. [146][147][148] For several years, we have been developing a new extract (Dry Extract of Rhealba â Oat Plantlet) without traces of proteins to avoid the risk of allergy as far as possible. The main objective of this study was to assess the absence of sensitization risk of dry extract of oat plantlet by means of the integrated testing strategy (ITS) using several in vitro studies, and to compare the obtained results with those previously obtained in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragility of epidermis in newborns, children and adolescents

Blume-Peytavi

Tan

Tennstedt

et al. 2016

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Within their first days of life, newborns' skin undergoes various adaptation processes needed to accommodate the transition from the wet uterine environment to the dry atmosphere. The skin of newborns and infants is considered as a physiological fragile skin, a skin with lower resistance to aggressions. Fragile skin is divided into four categories up to its origin: physiological fragile skin (age, location), pathological fragile skin (acute and chronic), circumstantial fragile skin (due to environmental extrinsic factors or intrinsic factors such as stress) and iatrogenic fragile skin. Extensive research of the past 10 years have proven evidence that at birth albeit showing a nearly perfect appearance, newborn skin is structurally and functionally immature compared to adult skin undergoing a physiological maturation process after birth at least throughout the first year of life. This article is an overview of all known data about fragility of epidermis in 'fragile populations': newborns, children and adolescents. It includes the recent pathological, pathophysiological and clinical data about fragility of epidermis in various dermatological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, contact dermatitis, irritative dermatitis and focus on UV protection .

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Oat and Wheat as Contact Allergens in Personal Care Products

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Diagnosis and treatment of xerosis cutis – a position paper

Diagnosis and treatment of xerosis cutis – a position paper

An Animal Model for Wheat Allergy Skin Sensitisation: A Comparative Study in Naive versus Tolerant Brown Norway Rats

Fragility of epidermis in newborns, children and adolescents

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