Oat Hay Poisoning

Bradley, W. B.; Beath, O. A.; Eppson, H. F.

doi:10.1126/science.89.2312.365

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…O quadro clínico obtido no estudo experimental e observado na doença espontânea foi idêntico aos descritos na literatura (Thorp Jr 1937, Bradley et al 1939, O'Hara & Fraser 1975, Egyed & Shlosberg 1980, Van Dijk et al 1983, Boermans 1990, Tokarnia et al 2000, Radostits et al 2002, Medeiros et al 2003, Ozmen 2003, McKenzie et al 2004, McKenzie et al 2009). Da mesma forma, as alterações macroscópicas encontradas em bovinos que morreram pelas intoxicações espontânea e experimental foram semelhantes às encontradas por outros autores (Newsom et al 1937, Thorp Jr 1937, Egyed & Shlosberg 1980, Carrigan & Gardner 1982, Boermans 1990, Brown et al 1990, Valli 1992, Yeruham et al 1997, Radostits et al 2002, Medeiros et al 2003, Ozmen 2003, Mckenzie et al 2004.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Essa afirmação esta respaldada em observações de outros autores que também citam o uso excessivo de adubo químico rico em nitrogênio como causa de acúmulo de nitrato em plantas, entre elas a aveia e o azevém (Newsom et al 1937, Bradley et al 1939, Cheeke 1998, Radostits et al 2002, Villar et al 2003, Kozloski 2009.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Nessas condições, mortes de bovinos são freqüentes. A mortalidade de bovinos que pastoreiam sobre gramíneas cultivadas em solos super adubados é conhecida em outros países (Newsom et al 1937, Bradley et al 1939, O'Hara & Fraser 1975, Rosenberger 1975, Carrigan & Gardner 1982, Riet-Alvariza 1993, McKenzie et al 2004) e estas mortes geralmente estão relacionadas a plantas com alto teor de nitrato/nitrito.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por nitrato/nitrito em bovinos alimentados com Avena sativa (aveia) e/ou Lolium spp. (azevém)

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT.-Jönck F., Gava A., Traverso S.D., Lucioli J., Furlan F. Epidemiological data, clinical and pathological findings of the spontaneous andexperimental poisoning by nitrate and nitrite in cattle fed oats (Avena sativa) and/or ryegrass (Lolium spp.), diphenylamine test, and the nitrate content in the samples of the pasture where the outbreaks occurred, are described. The disease occurs in different regions of the State of Santa Catarina, in which pastures have exuberant growth, after receiving excessive amounts of chemical and/or organic fertilizer, mainly when raining occurs after a period of dry wheather. The animals grazing these pastures quickly develop brown mucosa, tachypnea, staggering gait, frequent urination, bloating, lateral recumbency and death in few minutes or hours. At necropsy of four animals that died spontaneously, the main lesions found were brown mucosa, dark color of the blood (chocolate), intense red color of the skeletal muscles and of the left part of the myocardium. The experimental reproduction of the disease was performed in seven cattle, with pastures from four farms where the disease occurred. The animals were fed with fresh oats and ryegrass and/or hay of it. Four animals died, two became ill and recovered, and one was treated with 2mg/kg per body weight of methylene blue 1%, and one cattle did not show changes. Clinical signs and lesions of the diseased animals that died were similar to natural cases. Microscopic changes were not observed in spontaneous and experimental poisoning. The diphenylamine test was positive in all the farms where the outbreaks occurred. The chemical analysis performed on samples of the pastures from several farms, in which outbreaks of the disease occurred, ranged from 0.30to 3.36% of nitrate in the dry matter. The disease is associated with the ingestion of oats and/or ryegrass pastures heavily fertilized, which accumulates high levels of nitrate after a period of rain and is characterized by rapid breathing, dark-colored blood, brown mucous and rapid death.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por nitrato/nitrito em bovinos alimentados com Avena sativa (aveia) e/ou Lolium spp. (azevém)

et al. 2013

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“…Nitrate is a normal and highly variable constituent and metabolite of plant cells, but docs not usually reach dangerous levels except in certain species. Bradley et al (1939) hm'c set the safe level for animal fceds at 1.5~1,; potassium nitrate on thc dry matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate reduction in the rumen of the grazing sheep

Jamieson¹

1959

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Nitrate, a normal component of pasture, shows marked fluctuations in its concentration in the plant. Nitrate and comparatively smaIl amounts of nitrite have been detected in the rumen contents of sheep on such pasture.The effect of adding moderate amounts of nitrate to the rumen of the grazing sheep has been studied. The rumen of the sheep on pasture is capable of handling comparatively large amounts of nitrate under normal circumstances without noticeable ill-effect. Any adverse effects due to the oxidising nature of the nitrate ion were surmounted within three to four days. The results reported tend to indicate a slight stimulation of rumen function after continuous daily nitrate dosing. Under such conditions the sheep exhibited a sustained but fluctuating methaemoglobinaemia with peak values of about 35% conversion of total haemoglobin to methaemoglobin.

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“…Ilowever, the average contribution would be low and almost negligible except for sodium whero 49% of the daily requirement would be available from the water supply. Even the relatively large concentrations of sodium are well below the toxic level for livestock (Adelaar i965 (Bradley et al 1940). The effect of specific amounts of NO, on milk production, growth, and reproduction is not clear, but the contribution from some water supplies could be harmful if the NO, concentration in the feed were near the toxic level.…”

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confidence: 99%