Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Beta Cell Failure: An Asian Perspective

Saisho, Yoshifumi

doi:10.4172/1747-0862.s1-008

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be characterized by insulin resistance and insufficiency. When insulin secretion cannot compensate for increased insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes develops [1]. Insulin secretion is closely related to pancreatic β-cell function and mass [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When insulin secretion cannot compensate for increased insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes develops [1]. Insulin secretion is closely related to pancreatic β-cell function and mass [1]. Several factors have been known to induce the impairment of β-cells, but the etiology of β-cell dysfunction, which induc-es T2DM is incompletely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the factors is the deposition of amyloid peptides and their accumulation in islets, which inhibits insulin secretion and induces β-cell death [2]. Since Asians have lower insulin secretion capacity, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is markedly greater when insulin resistance is induced by aging, inflammation, and obesity [1]. Asians have a much higher relative risk for diabetes than do Caucasians although insulin resist-ant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Meta-Analysis of the Associations Between the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCA1 R219K (rs2230806) Polymorphism and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Asians

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Asians have relatively low insulin secretion capacity and readily develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) when insulin resistant. For that reason, insufficient insulin secretion is critical factor for Asians at the early stage of T2DM. ATP-binding cassette transporter1 (ABCA1) is a membrane protein responsible for cholesterol efflux and its function is also important for secreting insulin in pancreatic β-cells. Given the importance of its role, different polymorphisms of ABCA1 gene might contribute differently to the development of T2DM. Here, we analyzed the association between a variant form of ABCA1 gene called rs2230806 and the prevalence of T2DM in a large sample size by pooling all of the case-control studies published. Relevant case-control studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Korean scientific database, Chinese medical databases, and the Indian medical database. The association was evaluated using five genetic models such as the allelic (AG), recessive (RG), dominant (DG), homozygous (HMG), and heterozygous (HTG) genetic models. Heterogeneity of each genetic model was determined by the I test. A total of eight studies (7 published studies and one data set from the Korean Genetic Epidemiology Study) were eligible, satisfying Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and included 2755 T2DM patients (case) and 16 635 nondiabetic subjects (control). All subjects in the studies were Asians. Each genetic model exhibited heterogeneity. In all genetic models, rs2230806 had a significant association with prevalence of T2DM: AG (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.61-0.98), RG (OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.51-1.03), DG (OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.97), HMG (OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.41-0.96), and HTG (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.61-0.99). There was no single study that changed the overall effects in allelic genetic model with random effects. No publication bias existed in any models except the RG model. In conclusion, middle-aged and elderly adults with the minor allele of rs2230806 will have a lower risk of T2DM. This is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the association in Asians.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Meta-Analysis of the Associations Between the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCA1 R219K (rs2230806) Polymorphism and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Asians

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the changes in HbA1c and FPG levels, and the proportions of participants attaining glycaemic targets in the present study were consistent with treat‐to‐target studies in Japanese populations using other basal insulin analogues ; however, the eight‐point SMPG profiles showed a greater rise in SMPG after meals, particularly after dinner, in the present study compared with EDITION 1, 2 and 3. This difference may be partially explained by greater impairment of β‐cell function in the Japanese as compared to the Western population .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

New insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus glargine 100 U/ml in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin and oral antihyperglycaemic drugs: glucose control and hypoglycaemia in a randomized controlled trial (EDITION JP 2)

Terauchi

Koyama

Cheng

et al. 2016

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

106

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla‐300) with glargine 100 U/ml (Gla‐100) in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin plus oral antihyperglycaemic drug(s) [OAD(s)].MethodsThe EDITION JP 2 study (NCT01689142) was a 6‐month, multicentre, open‐label, phase III study. Participants (n = 241, male 61%, mean diabetes duration 14 years, mean weight 67 kg, mean body mass index 25 kg/m2, mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 8.02 %, mean basal insulin dose 0.24 U/kg/day) were randomized to Gla‐300 or Gla‐100, while continuing OAD(s). Basal insulin was titrated to target fasting self‐monitored plasma glucose 4.4−5.6 mmol/l. The primary efficacy endpoint was HbA1c change over 6 months. Safety endpoints included hypoglycaemia and weight change.ResultsGla‐300 was non‐inferior to Gla‐100 for HbA1c reduction [least squares (LS) mean difference 0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.08, 0.27) %]. The mean HbA1c at month 6 was 7.56 and 7.52 % with Gla‐300 and Gla‐100, respectively. Nocturnal confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/l) or severe hypoglycaemia risk was 38% lower with Gla‐300 versus Gla‐100 [relative risk 0.62 (95% CI 0.44, 0.88)]; annualized rates were 55% lower at night [rate ratio 0.45 (95% CI 0.21, 0.96)] and 36% lower at any time [24 h; rate ratio 0.64 (95% CI 0.43, 0.96)]. Severe hypoglycaemia was infrequent. A significant between‐treatment difference in weight change favoured Gla‐300 [LS mean difference −1.0 (95% CI −1.5, −0.5) kg; p = 0.0003]. Adverse event rates were comparable between groups.ConclusionsJapanese people with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin plus OAD(s) experienced less hypoglycaemia with Gla‐300 than with Gla‐100, while glycaemic control did not differ.

show abstract

“…Since both T1D and T2D are characterized by a deficit in beta-cells, fostering beta-cell regeneration is the key to curing both types of diabetes. However, the source of new beta-cells in the postnatal period remains unclear [44,48]. BCM is regulated by the balance of newly formed betacells and beta-cell loss.…”

Section: Ink4amentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreas Volume and Fat Deposition in Diabetes and Normal Physiology: Consideration of the Interplay Between Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreas

Saisho¹

2016

Rev Diabet Stud

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

■ AbstractThe pancreas is comprised of exocrine and endocrine components. Despite the fact that they are derived from a common origin in utero, these two compartments are often studied individually because of the different roles and functions of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Recent studies have shown that not only type 1 diabetes (T1D), but also type 2 diabetes (T2D), is characterized by a deficit in beta-cell mass, suggesting that pathological changes in the pancreas are critical events in the natural history of diabetes. In both patients with T1D and those with T2D, pancreas mass and exocrine function have been reported to be reduced. On the other hand, pancreas volume and pancreatic fat increase with obesity. Increased beta-cell mass with increasing obesity has also been observed in humans, and ectopic fat deposits in the pancreas have been reported to cause beta-cell dysfunction. Moreover, neogenesis and transdifferentiation from the exocrine to the endocrine compartment in the postnatal period are regarded as a source of newly formed beta-cells. These findings suggest that there is important interplay between the endocrine and exocrine pancreas throughout life. This review summarizes the current knowledge on physiological and pathological changes in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas (i.e., beta-cell mass), and discusses the potential mechanisms of the interplay between the two compartments in humans to understand the pathophysiology of diabetes better.

show abstract

Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Beta Cell Failure: An Asian Perspective

Cited by 14 publications

References 62 publications

A Meta-Analysis of the Associations Between the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCA1 R219K (rs2230806) Polymorphism and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Asians

A Meta-Analysis of the Associations Between the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCA1 R219K (rs2230806) Polymorphism and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Asians

New insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus glargine 100 U/ml in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin and oral antihyperglycaemic drugs: glucose control and hypoglycaemia in a randomized controlled trial (EDITION JP 2)

Pancreas Volume and Fat Deposition in Diabetes and Normal Physiology: Consideration of the Interplay Between Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About