Objective and quantitative analysis of daytime sleepiness in physicians after night duties

Wilhelm, Barbara; Widmann, Anja; Durst, Wilhelm; Heine, Christian; Otto, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.01.008

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The PST measures fluctuations in the size of the pupil's diameter (pupillary oscillations), with darknessinduced changes in pupillary oscillations correlating significantly with self-rated alertness [13]. The pupillary oscillations in darkened conditions are determined by the inter-relation of sympathetic nervous activity matched with central parasympathetic inhibition (see [12,13,16] for reviews). Reductions in alertness are associated with decreases in both sympathetic nervous activity and central parasympathetic inhibition of the Edinger-Westphal nuclei; such reductions inhibit dilator and sphincter muscle control of the pupil diameter resulting in greater fluctuations of pupil size ( [13]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of chewing gum on physiological and self-rated measures of alertness and daytime sleepiness

Johnson

Miles

Haddrell

et al. 2012

Physiology & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. AbstractThe proposition that chewing gum can improve alertness was investigated via both physiological and self-rated measures. The Pupillographic Sleepiness Test (PST) provided a measure of pupillary unrest (PUI); a physiological index of daytime sleepiness. Chewing gum reduced the extent of sleepiness as measured by both PUI and self-rated sleepiness. Specifically, in comparison with sham chewing and no chewing controls, the chewing gum condition significantly limited the increase in pupillary unrest following the 11-minute PST within a darkened laboratory: a finding indicating moderation of the daytime sleepiness increase for the chewing gum condition. In addition, there was some evidence that chewing gum (relative to the nochewing condition only) moderated the increase in a self-rated measure of sleepiness (Stanford Sleepiness Scale). However, there was no evidence that chewing gum moderated the decrease in self-rated alertness (Bond-Lader Visual Analogue Mood Scale). Although the precise mechanism underpinning the effect of chewing gum is unclear, the reduction in daytime sleepiness may be underpinned via heightened cerebral activity following the chewing of gum or the arousing effects of mint flavour.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of chewing gum on physiological and self-rated measures of alertness and daytime sleepiness

Johnson

Miles

Haddrell

et al. 2012

Physiology & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As shown, this method has a variety of clinical applications. Furthermore, the identification of pupil dynamics is also the subject of research concerning monitoring of various areas of human behavior [16][17][18]. This is mainly due to the possibility of assessment of the human psychophysiological status influenced by the level of sleepiness or alertness through the so-called fatigue wave, which is the basis of pupillographic sleepiness test (PST) [19].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of operators’ fatigue using optical methods for determination of pupil activity

Różanowski

Bernat

Kamińska

2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop and initially validate an objective, yet quick, method for assessment of human fatigue. This aim can be achieved by the use of an optical, non-contact method of analysis of pupil activity. The study involved 2 phenomena typical for the behavior of the human pupil: pupillary reflex and pupillary movements. The 1st phenomenon is related to the pupillary light reflex (PLR), which presents the results of physiological adaptation mechanisms of the human eye. The pupillary unrest index (PUI) is an additional parameter referring to the tendency for instability of the pupil. Material and Methods: Indicators of these 2 mechanisms were assessed under the same experimental laboratory conditions. Assessment was conducted on a group of volunteers (N = 10) during 4 controlled series of measurements performed at night. Pupillary reflex parameters associated with PLR and pupillary unrest index (PUI) were recorded using F²D Fit-For-Duty, a commercially available system made by AMTech Pupilknowlogy GmbH. Baseline pupil diameter, oscillations, reflex latency, maximum reaction time, pupil constriction time, pupil dilation time, and constriction amplitude were recorded. Results: As a result of the study, we were able to demonstrate correlation and confirm the usefulness of PLR and PST methods in the assessment of sleep deprivation. Parameters of PLR that may indicate human fatigue were identified. The effect of light impulse sequences on the dynamics of pupillary reflex and the relationship between PUI (pupillary unrest index) measurement duration and sleepiness assessment validity, were assessed. Conclusions: The results of the pilot studies were sufficient to develop minimum requirements for a PLR sensor that would be capable of estimating the level of fatigue with accuracy of a PUI method, but at a 5 times faster rate.

show abstract

“…As shown, this method has a variety of clinical applications. Furthermore, the identification of pupil dynamics is also the subject of research concerning the monitoring of various areas of human behavior [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological model of dynamic pupillary reflex in the assessment of the level of autonomic nervous system activation

Różanowski¹,

Truszczyński²,

Lewandowski³

et al. 2016

WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this publication was to adapt a rheological model of Kelvin-Voigt in the description of the dynamic pupillary reflex. The pupillary reflex presents the results of physiological adaptation mechanisms in the human eye, i.e. response of the iris to the changing intensity of light falling on the retina under the condition of sensory deprivation. Pupillary light reflex (PLR) is a closed loop nerve reflex.The new approach to PLR evaluation presented by the authors consists of adapting the Kelvin-Voigt model to the description of this phenomenon. The authors, for their tests of correct implementation of the model, used data from pilot studies. Research was performed on a group of 10 volunteers in a laboratory environment, at night. The mean age of the study participants was 27 ± 0.4 years. For PLR registration, the F²D Fit-For-Duty system was used .The system provides useful data for shift work or for personnel in high-risk careers.The PLR measurements were taken for both eyes, which were exposed to a series of five flashes at 30-second intervals. The whole measurement of both eyes was conducted with patients wearing goggles, in order to maintain the same measurement conditions, mostly with regard to accommodation.Owing to proper implementation of the model, we managed to attain a high level of its adaptation to real data (>90%). The results show their strong correlation, and the model shows high sensitivity to changes in the shape of the reflex curve, caused by sleep deprivation introduced in the experiment.

show abstract

Objective and quantitative analysis of daytime sleepiness in physicians after night duties

Cited by 53 publications

References 30 publications

The effect of chewing gum on physiological and self-rated measures of alertness and daytime sleepiness

The effect of chewing gum on physiological and self-rated measures of alertness and daytime sleepiness

Estimation of operators’ fatigue using optical methods for determination of pupil activity

Rheological model of dynamic pupillary reflex in the assessment of the level of autonomic nervous system activation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About