2020
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230788
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Objective evaluation of visual fatigue in patients with intermittent exotropia

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of visual fatigue in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) using the binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) test. Methods Fourteen patients with IXT (32.1 ± 16.4 years) and 15 age-matched healthy volunteers (31.2 ± 9.3 years) participated in the study. BFM was assessed by measuring the transmittance of liquid crystals placed in front of the subject's nondominant eye at the instance when binocular fusion was broken and vergence eye movement was induced. A qu… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, exotropia may be related to the occurrence and development of myopia. It was found that patients with intermittent exotropia are at a great higher risk of visual fatigue in comparison with healthy individuals [13]. Strabismus patients showed a greater risk of developing thoracic scoliosis [14].The temporal integration for stereopsis is impaired in patients with IXT, requiring longer critical integration time to achieve elevated optimal stereoacuity [15].Children with untreated strabismus can develop impaired binocular vision, which can interfere with their ability to conduct social interactions with other children.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, exotropia may be related to the occurrence and development of myopia. It was found that patients with intermittent exotropia are at a great higher risk of visual fatigue in comparison with healthy individuals [13]. Strabismus patients showed a greater risk of developing thoracic scoliosis [14].The temporal integration for stereopsis is impaired in patients with IXT, requiring longer critical integration time to achieve elevated optimal stereoacuity [15].Children with untreated strabismus can develop impaired binocular vision, which can interfere with their ability to conduct social interactions with other children.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies have shown that binocular fusion maintenance (i.e. the vergence function) is related to reading performance 27 , 28 . Convergence reserve was reported reduced in IXT than in normal observers 29 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results. For example, some observed myopic anisometropia and found that the accommodative strength of non-fixing eyes was lower than that of fixing eyes, and also that the myopic diopter of non-fixing eyes was significantly higher than that of fixing eyes ( 13 ). In the present study, the difference in binocular refractive spherical equivalent between fixing and non-fixing eyes was not statistically significant ( p = 0.543); whether the overlapping effect of IXT and refractive factors are the reasons for this difference requires further investigation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%