Objective Morphological Quantification of Microscopic Images Using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Analysis

Taylor, Samuel E.; Cao, Tuoxin; Talauliker, Pooja M.; Lifshitz, Jonathan

doi:10.1002/9780470089941.et0905s07

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…On the other hand, the histogram from a representative sham animal does not show peaks or troughs of any magnitude. The ratio from orthogonal was calculated using the radial sum intensity values flanking the angles of interest as a fraction of the radial sum intensity values flanking the orthogonal angles, relative to the root mean square of the radial sum intensities [21]. A value of 0 indicated no alignment; however when the level of alignment increased so did the value (Figure 2D).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods for quantification of alignment followed detailed methods published elsewhere [21]. Briefly, in Adobe Photoshop CS5, a 1,000 pixel diameter circle feather mask was applied to each photomicrograph.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ring analysis with a radius of 700 pixels was applied to the center of the FFT image, producing radial sum intensity values for 360 radii around the circumference of the applied ring. The radial sum intensity values were used to generate the ratio from orthogonal using the calculation below [21]. The ratio from the orthogonal angle is used to determine alignment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rod microglia: elongation, alignment, and coupling to form trains across the somatosensory cortex after experimental diffuse brain injury

Ziebell

Taylor

Cao

et al. 2012

J Neuroinflammation

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BackgroundSince their discovery, the morphology of microglia has been interpreted to mirror their function, with ramified microglia constantly surveying the micro-environment and rapidly activating when changes occur. In 1899, Franz Nissl discovered what we now recognize as a distinct microglial activation state, microglial rod cells (Stäbchenzellen), which he observed adjacent to neurons. These rod-shaped microglia are typically found in human autopsy cases of paralysis of the insane, a disease of the pre-penicillin era, and best known today from HIV-1-infected brains. Microglial rod cells have been implicated in cortical ‘synaptic stripping’ but their exact role has remained unclear. This is due at least in part to a scarcity of experimental models. Now we have noted these rod microglia after experimental diffuse brain injury in brain regions that have an associated sensory sensitivity. Here, we describe the time course, location, and surrounding architecture associated with rod microglia following experimental diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsRats were subjected to a moderate midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI), which resulted in transient suppression of their righting reflex (6 to 10 min). Multiple immunohistochemistry protocols targeting microglia with Iba1 and other known microglia markers were undertaken to identify the morphological activation of microglia. Additionally, labeling with Iba1 and cell markers for neurons and astrocytes identified the architecture that surrounds these rod cells.ResultsWe identified an abundance of Iba1-positive microglia with rod morphology in the primary sensory barrel fields (S1BF). Although present for at least 4 weeks post mFPI, they developed over the first week, peaking at 7 days post-injury. In the absence of contusion, Iba1-positive microglia appear to elongate with their processes extending from the apical and basal ends. These cells then abut one another and lay adjacent to cytoarchitecture of dendrites and axons, with no alignment with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Iba1-positive rod microglial cells differentially express other known markers for reactive microglia including OX-6 and CD68.ConclusionDiffuse traumatic brain injury induces a distinct rod microglia morphology, unique phenotype, and novel association between cells; these observations entice further investigation for impact on neurological outcome.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rod microglia: elongation, alignment, and coupling to form trains across the somatosensory cortex after experimental diffuse brain injury

Ziebell

Taylor

Cao

et al. 2012

J Neuroinflammation

Self Cite

157

200

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“…In other words, an image with no alignment will show constant pixel intensity absent of peaks, indicating no specific directionality. Conversely, an image containing structures aligned in one direction will have higher pixel intensities along that direction, which would be plotted as a peak in that direction2627. In our experiment, quantification of neurite alignment on MPS grouped into 3 horizontal and vertical bins and control glass coverslips, was accomplished by performing FFT analysis using NIH-ImageJ software supported by the “Oval Profile” plug-in (authored by Bill O’Connell, https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/plugins/oval-profile.html).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of dorsal root ganglion neurons cultured on silicon micro-pillar substrates

Repić

Madirazza

Bektur

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Our study focuses on characterization of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured on silicon micro-pillar substrates (MPS) with the ultimate goal of designing micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) for successful electrophysiological recordings of DRG neurons. Adult and neonatal DRG neurons were cultured on MPS and glass coverslips for 7 days in vitro. DRG neuronal distribution and morphometric analysis, including neurite alignment and length, was performed on MPS areas with different pillar width and spacing. We showed that MPS provide an environment for growth of adult and neonatal DRG neurons as permissive as control glass surfaces. Neonatal DRG neurons were present on MPS areas with narrow pillar spacing, while adult neurons preferred wider pillar spacing. Compared to the control glass surfaces the neonatal and adult DRG neurons in regions with narrow pillar spacing range developed a smaller number of longer neurites. In the same area, neurites were preferentially oriented along three directional axes at 30°, 90° and 150°. MPS architecture influenced growth directionality of all main DRG neuronal subtypes. We can conclude that specific micro-pillar substrate topography affects the morphology of DRG neurons. This knowledge can enable development of MEAs with precisely defined physical features for various neuroscience applications.

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“…The inner diameters of the DLTs of mosquito larvae were evaluated using an image-processing technique based on the Otsu's thresholding method (Otsu, 1979). Temporal variations of the inner diameters were analyzed using fast Fourier transform (FFT) (Taylor, Cao, Talauliker, & Lifshitz, 2013;Tonar et al, 2003) to determine the respiratory frequencies of the two mosquito species.…”

Section: Analysis Of Frequency Of Peristaltic Movement Of the Trachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the tracheal systems ofAnopheles sinensisandAedes togoilarvae using synchrotron X-ray microscopic computed tomography (respiratory system of mosquito larvae using SR-μCT)

Ryu

Yeom

et al. 2017

Microsc Res Tech

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Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus, are serious global health issues. Vector control may be an important strategy in reducing the mortality caused by these diseases. The respiratory system of mosquito larvae in the water has to inhale atmospheric oxygen as aquatic organisms. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) structures of the dorsal longitudinal trunks (DLTs) of the tracheal systems of Anopheles sinensis and Aedes togoi were compared using synchrotron X-ray microscopic computed tomography. DLT respiratory frequencies were also investigated. Interestingly, the larvae of the two mosquito species exhibit tracheal systems that are both morphologically and functionally distinct. A. sinensis hangs horizontally under the water surface, and has a smaller DLT volume than A. togoi. In contrast, A. togoi hangs upside down using a siphon by fixing its tip to the water surface. The frequency of peristaltic movement in A. togoi is higher than that of A. sinensis. These differences in the structures and breathing behaviors of the respiratory systems of mosquito larvae provide new insights into the tracheal systems of mosquito larvae, which should help develop novel effective control strategies targeting mosquito larvae.

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Objective Morphological Quantification of Microscopic Images Using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Rod microglia: elongation, alignment, and coupling to form trains across the somatosensory cortex after experimental diffuse brain injury

Rod microglia: elongation, alignment, and coupling to form trains across the somatosensory cortex after experimental diffuse brain injury

Characterization of dorsal root ganglion neurons cultured on silicon micro-pillar substrates

Comparison of the tracheal systems ofAnopheles sinensisandAedes togoilarvae using synchrotron X-ray microscopic computed tomography (respiratory system of mosquito larvae using SR-μCT)

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