Objectivity and Information Bias in Campaign News

Dunaway, Johanna; Davis, Nicholas T.; Padgett, Jeremy; Scholl, Rosanne M.

doi:10.1111/jcom.12172

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Traditionally, sentiment is measured using manual annotators and a codebook (for examples, see Aday, 2010;Cho, 2013;Dunaway et al, 2015;Elenbaas & De Vreese, 2008;Kleinnijenhuis et al, 2007Kleinnijenhuis et al, , 2019Martins et al, 2013;McCombes et al, 2000;Meijer & Kleinnijenhuis, 2006;Muddiman & Stroud, 2017;Nagel et al, 2012;Natarajan & Xiaoming, 2003;Rodgers & Thorson, 2003;Shah et al, 2007). Manual coding is expensive, however, and even when using extensive training programs high levels of reliability are not always achieved (Weber et al, 2018).…”

Section: Existing Methods Of Sentiment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Validity of Sentiment Analysis: Comparing Manual Annotation, Crowd-Coding, Dictionary Approaches, and Machine Learning Algorithms

Atteveldt

Velden

Boukes

2021

Communication Methods and Measures

223

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Sentiment is central to many studies of communication science, from negativity and polarization in political communication to analyzing product reviews and social media comments in other sub-fields. This study provides an exhaustive comparison of sentiment analysis methods, using a validation set of Dutch economic headlines to compare the performance of manual annotation, crowd coding, numerous dictionaries and machine learning using both traditional and deep learning algorithms. The three main conclusions of this article are that: (1) The best performance is still attained with trained human or crowd coding; (2) None of the used dictionaries come close to acceptable levels of validity; and (3) machine learning, especially deep learning, substantially outperforms dictionary-based methods but falls short of human performance. From these findings, we stress the importance of always validating automatic text analysis methods before usage. Moreover, we provide a recommended step-bystep approach for (automated) text analysis projects to ensure both efficiency and validity.

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Section: Existing Methods Of Sentiment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Validity of Sentiment Analysis: Comparing Manual Annotation, Crowd-Coding, Dictionary Approaches, and Machine Learning Algorithms

Atteveldt

Velden

Boukes

2021

Communication Methods and Measures

223

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As there is a reference to the midelection of 2002, Democrats and Republicans, as well as sympathy towards the Islamic community, the issue has been effectively complexified by the author. Enough logic and justification have been supplied for reframing the issue (Dunaway et al, 2015). This shows that Al Gore successfully complexed the issue through media and reframing of logic is also sufficient.…”

Section: Complexification and Partial Reframingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fear as a Political Propaganda: A Study on Politics of Fear by Al Gore

Baral

2023

Jnl. NELTA Gandaki

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The practice of creating fear for personal interest or the interest of the political party is common throughout the world. Politicians use any sort of practice for power hunting. Fear not only influences the discourse but also shapes knowledge and reasoning capacity thereby creating an illusion in people. To expose illusion, counter-discourse or positive discourse is required. This study aims to explore how counter-discourse exposes illusion and creates awareness taking reference from the text ‘Politics of Fear’ by Al Gore. The study is done using the document analysis method and the information is analysed based on the framework consisting of five discursive strategies viz. framing, countering publicly, and counter-discursive strategies (logical inversion, parody, complexification, partial reframing and radical reframing) for contesting the mainstream discourse as introduced by Macgilchrist (2007). It is argued that ‘Politics of Fear’ by Al Gore was an attempt to create awareness among the public against propaganda created by the then US President George W. Bush during election through the television advertisements.

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“…One study found that stories with an equitable tone (toward two political candidates) were less likely to focus in-depth on substance or issues, as well as less likely to include sourced content. They were also generally shorter in length than “slanted” stories that favored one candidate over the other [ 161 ]. Whereas “balanced” reporting practices may be expeditious to journalists, giving equal importance to truth and to misinformation clouds matters and leads to information biases [ 148 ].…”

Section: Illusions Of Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

What the Neuroscience and Psychology of Magic Reveal about Misinformation

2022

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When we believe misinformation, we have succumbed to an illusion: our perception or interpretation of the world does not match reality. We often trust misinformation for reasons that are unrelated to an objective, critical interpretation of the available data: Key facts go unnoticed or unreported. Overwhelming information prevents the formulation of alternative explanations. Statements become more believable every time they are repeated. Events are reframed or given “spin” to mislead audiences. In magic shows, illusionists apply similar techniques to convince spectators that false and even seemingly impossible events have happened. Yet, many magicians are “honest liars,” asking audiences to suspend their disbelief only during the performance, for the sole purpose of entertainment. Magic misdirection has been studied in the lab for over a century. Psychological research has sought to understand magic from a scientific perspective and to apply the tools of magic to the understanding of cognitive and perceptual processes. More recently, neuroscientific investigations have also explored the relationship between magic illusions and their underlying brain mechanisms. We propose that the insights gained from such studies can be applied to understanding the prevalence and success of misinformation. Here, we review some of the common factors in how people experience magic during a performance and are subject to misinformation in their daily lives. Considering these factors will be important in reducing misinformation and encouraging critical thinking in society.

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Objectivity and Information Bias in Campaign News

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

The Validity of Sentiment Analysis: Comparing Manual Annotation, Crowd-Coding, Dictionary Approaches, and Machine Learning Algorithms

The Validity of Sentiment Analysis: Comparing Manual Annotation, Crowd-Coding, Dictionary Approaches, and Machine Learning Algorithms

Fear as a Political Propaganda: A Study on Politics of Fear by Al Gore

What the Neuroscience and Psychology of Magic Reveal about Misinformation

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