Oblique Axis Hypothenar Free Flaps: Tips for Harvesting Larger Flaps with Minimal Donor Site Morbidity

Abstract

Purpose: Hypothenar free flaps (HTFF) have been widely used for reconstructing palmar defects. Although previous anatomical and clinical studies of HTFF have been conducted, this technique still has some limitations. In this study, we describe some tips for flap design that allows for easy harvesting of HTFFs with minimal donor site morbidity. Methods: A total of 14 HTFF for hand defect reconstruction were recorded. The oblique flap design in the proximal HT area following relaxed skin tension line along the axis between fourth web space and 10 mm ulnar side of pisiform. A flap pedicle includes one or two perforators with ulnar digital artery and HT branch of basilic vein. In addition, innervated HTFF can be harvested with a branch of ulnar digital nerve. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain data on patients’ information, operative details, and follow-up period. In addition, surgical outcome score was obtained by the patient up to 10 points at the last follow-up. Results: Mean harvest time was 46 minutes, and two perforators were included in 10 cases. The mean flap area was 10.84 cm2. There were no problems such as donor site depression, scar contracture, keloids, wound dehiscence, numbness or neuroma pain at donor sites, and hypersensitivity or cold intolerance at flap site, either functionally or aesthetically. Conclusion: Palmar defect reconstruction is challenging for hand surgeons. However, large HTFF can be harvested without complications using oblique axis hypothenar free flap technique. We believe our surgical tips increase utility of HTFF for palmar defect reconstruction.