Observation of two-XUV-photon ionization using harmonic generation from a short, intense laser pulse

Xenakis, D.; Faucher, O.; Charalambidis, D.; Fotakis, C.

doi:10.1088/0953-4075/29/12/003

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, two-EUV-photon ionization has been observed using single harmonics, i.e. relatively long EUV-pulses 1 2 3 4 5 , harmonic combs, i.e. trains of EUV attosecond pulses 6 7 8 as well as broadband coherent EUV continua, i.e.…”

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The ion microscope as a tool for quantitative measurements in the extreme ultraviolet

Tsatrafyllis

Bergues

Schröder

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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We demonstrate a tool for quantitative measurements in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral region measuring spatially resolved atomic ionization products at the focus of an EUV beam. The ionizing radiation is a comb of the 11th–15th harmonics of a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser beam produced in a Xenon gas jet. The spatial ion distribution at the focus of the harmonics is recorded using an ion microscope. Spatially resolved single- and two-photon ionization products of Argon and Helium are observed. From such ion distributions single- and two-photon generalized cross sections can be extracted by a self-calibrating method. The observation of spatially resolved two-EUV-photon ionization constitutes an initial step towards future single-shot temporal characterization of attosecond pulses.

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The ion microscope as a tool for quantitative measurements in the extreme ultraviolet

Tsatrafyllis

Bergues

Schröder

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Nonlinear (NL) XUV processes constitute the ideal tool for the study of such dynamics. Attosecond pulse trains 7-9 have reached intensities sufficient to induce two-XUV-photon processes [10][11][12][13][14] . However, isolated attosecond pulses, requisite for XUV-pump-XUV-probe experiments, have not yet attained the required parameters for an observable two-XUV-photon process.…”

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Extreme-ultraviolet pump–probe studies of one-femtosecond-scale electron dynamics

et al. 2011

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Ultrafast-dynamics studies and femtosecond-pulse metrology both rely on the nonlinear processes induced solely by an incident light pulse. Extending these approaches to the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region would open up a new route to attosecond-scale dynamics. However, this has been hindered by the limited intensities available in coherent XUV continua. In the present work, we realized conditions at which simultaneous ejection of two bound electrons by two-XUVphoton absorption becomes more efficient than their removal one-by-one. In this regime we have succeeded in tracing atomic coherences evolving at the 1-fs scale with simultaneous determination of the average XUV-pulse duration. The rich and dense structure of the autoionizing manifold demonstrates the applicability of the approach to complex systems. This initiates the era of XUV-pump-XUV-probe experiments at the boundary between femto-and attosecond scales.A large variety of ultrafast phenomena, including electronic motion in atoms, molecules, condensed matter and plasmas, dynamic electron-electron correlations, charge migration, ultrafast dissociation and reaction processes, occur on the few-femtosecond to attosecond temporal scale. Attosecond (as) pulses 1 provide access to these temporal regimes in different states of matter [2][3][4][5][6] . Nonlinear (NL) XUV processes constitute the ideal tool for the study of such dynamics. Attosecond pulse trains 7-9 have reached intensities sufficient to induce two-XUV-photon processes [10][11][12][13][14] . However, isolated attosecond pulses, requisite for XUV-pump-XUV-probe experiments, have not yet attained the required parameters for an observable two-XUV-photon process. As a consequence, attosecond pulse metrology and time-domain applications have been widely based on infrared (IR)-XUV cross-correlation approaches, which entail assumptions for the analysis 15 .The present work succeeds for the first time in observing two-XUV-photon processes induced by energetic XUV continua, in part temporally confined in isolated pulses with durations on the order of 1 fs. These processes are in turn exploited in XUVpump-XUV-probe ultrafast evolving atomic coherences, as well as in determining the duration of the XUV bursts. A structured part of the single continuum of the xenon atom is excited by the first pulse, forming an electronic wave packet that undergoes rapid and complex motion before it decays. This evolution can be traced, thanks to the XUV parameters reached, at which a second pulse ejects a second electron before the first one leaves the atom carrying with it all the information on the temporal evolution of the system (coherence decay). Unconventionally, the two electrons leave the atom together and, thus, the doubly ionized Xe yield as a function of the delay between the two pulses carries the fingerprint of the wave packet motion and the XUV pulse duration. As the pulse duration and the decay The intense XUV radiation is generated by frequency upconversion of many-cycle high-peak-power laser fields...

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“…As for the observation of a nonlinear interaction of harmonics, only few experimental tries are reported in the literature because of the low multi-XUV-photon absorption rates. These include near resonant [7,8] and nonresonant [9-11] two-harmonicphoton ionization (3rd, 5th, or 9th harmonic), the highest harmonic (shortest wavelength) used thus far being the 9th harmonic of the Ti:sapphire fundamental (800 nm).In this Letter, we report the observation of twophoton ionization of He induced by a broadband XUV spectrum consisting of the 7th harmonic (113 nm) to the 13th harmonic (61 nm) of a Ti:sapphire laser. This is a second-order process induced by the shortest wavelength and broadest bandwidth ever reported thus far.…”

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Two-Photon Ionization of He through a Superposition of Higher Harmonics

et al. 2003

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We present experimental results and theoretical analysis of two-photon ionization of He by a superposition of the 7th to the 13th harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser. Solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for He in a coherent polychromatic field, the He+ yield is calculated. From this yield the number of He+ ions produced has been estimated and found in reasonable agreement with its measured value. The present results establish the feasibility of a second-order autocorrelation measurement of superposition of harmonics, and thus they represent the precursor towards the direct temporal characterization of attosecond pulse trains.

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Observation of two-XUV-photon ionization using harmonic generation from a short, intense laser pulse

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

The ion microscope as a tool for quantitative measurements in the extreme ultraviolet

The ion microscope as a tool for quantitative measurements in the extreme ultraviolet

Extreme-ultraviolet pump–probe studies of one-femtosecond-scale electron dynamics

Two-Photon Ionization of He through a Superposition of Higher Harmonics

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