Observations by the International Tsunami Survey Team in Sri Lanka

Liu, Philip L.‐F.; Lynett, Patrick; Fernando, H. J. S.; Jaffe, Bruce E.; Fritz, Hermann M.; Higman, Bretwood; Morton, Robert A.; Goff, James; Synolakis, Costas E.

doi:10.1126/science.1110730

Cited by 247 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Both types of impact were recently reported in relation to the catastrophic Sumatra tsunami in December 2004 (Liu et al, 2005;Synolakis and Kong, 2006;Jaffe et al, 2006;Moore et al, 2006;Goff et al, 2006). The effects of tsunami wave action will be very much influenced by the geomorphology of the coast and the material available for deposition.…”

Section: Tsunami Signatures In Terrestrial Coastal Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoarchaeological tsunami deposits at Palaikastro (Crete) and the Late Minoan IA eruption of Santorini

Bruins

MacGillivray

Synolakis

et al. 2008

Journal of Archaeological Science

172

134

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The explosive eruption at Santorini in the Aegean Sea during the second millennium BCE was the largest Holocene volcanic upheaval in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The eruption was disastrous for the Minoan settlements at Santorini, but the effect on human society in the neighbouring islands and regions is still clouded in uncertainty. Tsunami generation was suggested, but comparatively little evidence was found. The lack of firm tsunami traces is particularly puzzling in Crete with its coastal settlements of the Late Minoan IA period, during which the Santorini eruption occurred. Here, we report the discovery of extensive geoarchaeological tsunami deposits at Palaikastro in north-eastern Crete. These deposits are characterized by a mixture of geological materials, including volcanic Santorini ash, and archaeological settlement debris. Various tsunami signatures were identified: (1) erosional contact with the underlying strata, (2) volcanic ash intraclasts in the lower part of the deposit, (3) reworked building stone material in the lower part of the deposit, (4) individual marine shells, (5) marine micro-fauna, (6) imbrication of rounded beach pebbles, settlement debris, ceramic sherds and even bones, (7) multi-modal chaotic composition. Late Minoan human settlement activities at Palaikastro provided architectural and stratigraphic frameworks in space and time that recorded and preserved tsunami evidence as geoarchaeological deposits. Such stratigraphic resolution and preservation may not occur in the natural landscape. Volcanic ash transported by wind from Santorini south-east to Crete preceded the tsunami. Geological, archaeological and radiocarbon dating criteria all converge, indicating that the tsunami deposits are coeval with the Minoan Santorini eruption. Field evidence suggests that tsunami waves at Palaikastro were at least 9 m high. Inverse tsunami modeling was attempted, based on these newly discovered tsunamigenic deposits. The initial wave in the generation region at Santorini that best fits the stratigraphic data is a wave with þ35 to À15 m initial amplitude and a crest length of about 15 km.

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Section: Tsunami Signatures In Terrestrial Coastal Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoarchaeological tsunami deposits at Palaikastro (Crete) and the Late Minoan IA eruption of Santorini

Bruins

MacGillivray

Synolakis

et al. 2008

Journal of Archaeological Science

172

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tsunami heights and effects show a high variability along the coast, as has been observed in numerous field surveys that are reported in various journals and on websites (EERI (2005), Liu et al, 2005, Borrero et al, 2006, Synolakis and Kong, 2006, Reese et al, 2007. Numerical simulations of the effect of tsunamis on the coast are difficult and still rather inaccurate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-coast tsunami waveguiding: phenomenon and simulations

Groesen

Adytia²

2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In this paper we show that shallow, elongated parts in a sloping bottom toward the coast will act as a waveguide and lead to large enhanced wave amplification for tsunami waves. Since this is even the case for narrow shallow regions, near-coast tsunami waveguiding may contribute to an explanation that tsunami heights and coastal effects as observed in reality show such high variability along the coastline. For accurate simulations, the complicated flow near the waveguide has to be resolved accurately, and grids that are too coarse will greatly underestimate the effects. We will present some results of extensive simulations using shallow water and a linear dispersive Variational Boussinesq model.

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“…They can result in large-scale death, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that registered a death toll of well over 150,000 (Liu et al, 2005), and are frequently followed by epidemics (Watson, Gayer, and Connolly, 2007). It is likely that such disasters also result in more indirect, long-term health effects, in particular on children when they are exposed during critical growth phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Natural Disasters on Child Health and Investments in Rural India

Datar¹,

Liu²,

Linnemayr³

et al. 2011

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Natural disasters are becoming more frequent worldwide and there is growing concern that they may adversely affect short-and long-term health outcomes in developing countries.Prior research has primarily focused on the impact of single, large disaster events but very little is known about how small to moderate disasters, which are more typical, affect population health.In this paper, we present one of the first investigations of the impact of small and moderate disasters on childhood morbidity, physical growth, and immunizations by combining household data from three waves of the Indian National Family and Health Survey with an international database of natural disasters (EM-DAT). We find that exposure to a natural disaster in the past month increases the likelihood of acute illnesses such as diarrhea, fever, and acute respiratory illness in children under 5 year by 9-18%. Exposure to a disaster in the past year reduces heightfor-age and weight-for-age z-scores by 0.12-0.15 standard deviations, increases the likelihood of stunting and underweight by 7%, and reduces the likelihood of having full age-appropriate immunization coverage by nearly 18%. We also find that disasters' effects vary significantly by gender, age, and socioeconomic characteristics. Most notably, the adverse effects on growth outcomes are much smaller among boys and infants.

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Observations by the International Tsunami Survey Team in Sri Lanka

Cited by 247 publications

References 2 publications

Geoarchaeological tsunami deposits at Palaikastro (Crete) and the Late Minoan IA eruption of Santorini

Geoarchaeological tsunami deposits at Palaikastro (Crete) and the Late Minoan IA eruption of Santorini

Near-coast tsunami waveguiding: phenomenon and simulations

The Impact of Natural Disasters on Child Health and Investments in Rural India

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