Observations on Normal Synovial Fluid of Cattle

Abstract

A review of the literature concerned with the anatomy, histology, and physiology of normal joints reveals that our knowledge and understanding of many details is very meagre, indefinite, and inadequate. Therefore, we have undertaken studies which it is hoped will lead to a better understanding of the physiology of articulations. Further knowledge of the anatomy, histology and physiology of normal joints should have an important bearing on the physiology of pathological joints and the treatment of arthritis. Much of our work will concern the normal and pathological joints of cows, because of our ready access to an unlimited amount of material. This paper is the first of a series of studies of joints of cattle, and is a cytological study of normal synovial fluid.A clear, viscid liquid known as synovial fluid is found in all normal joints. In the smaller laboratory animals, as well as in man, this fluid is present in such minute amounts that the aspiration of quantities sufficient for careful cellular and chemical study is difficult or impossible. The astragalotibial (hock) joint of normal cattle is a source of a large quantity of easily obtainable synovial fluid. Smaller amounts can be aspirated from the carpometacarpal (front knee) joint.

The Origin and Nature of Normal Synovial Fluid 12

“…The data on pathological fluids, many of which are incomplete, vary markedly and are difficult to interpret without knowledge of the normal and a better understanding of the factors responsible for the formation of pathological fluids. The existing data pertaining to normal synovial fluid are very meagre, except for complete cytological studies (6,73,122).…”

“…Such conclusions are based on histological studies or on incomplete chemical analyses of pathological synovial fluids except for those of Peters (98) which represent conclusions based on our data. 6. That synovial fluid is the specialized fluid matrix of a specialized connective tissue lining an enlarged tissue space, the joint cavity (23,68,71,75).…”

Untersuchungen Zur Diagnose Und Therapie Von Gelenkserkrankungen Beim Rind

“…Nach LANGE (1961), VAN PELT und CONNER (1963a), DIRKSEN (1964), EISENMENGER (1968, 1974, GÄNGEL (1971) (BAUER et al, 1930;ROPES et al, 1939ROPES et al, , 1940ROPES und BAUER, 1953;EISENMENGER, 1968). Im folgenden soll eine Übersicht der Eigenschaften der normalen sowie derjenigen der veränderten Synovialflüssigkeit gegeben werden:…”