Observations on presumptive lumpy skin disease in native cattle and Asian water buffaloes around the tiger reserves of the central Indian highlands

Pandey, Naveen; Hopker, Andy; Prajapati, G; Rahangdale, N; Gore, K. P.; Sargison, Neil

doi:10.1080/00480169.2021.1984335

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The clinical findings like fever, skin nodules on the neck, back, perineum, tail, hind limbs and genital organs, enlarged superficial lymph nodes and, in some cases, legs and brisket edema along with lameness were also reported by Kumar et al, 2021, Sudhakar et al, 2020, Pandey et al, 2021and Sethi et al, 2021 with variable clinical signs which corroborated with our findings.…”

Section: Molecular Detection and Seroprevalence Of Lumpy Skin Disease...supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Similarly, Ahmed and Zaher (2008), Biswas et al, (2020) and Limon et al, (2020) reported more incidence of LSD in young age than in adults. The LSD affected animals were between 4 months and 14 years (mean age 6.4 year) as recorded by Pandey et al, (2021). In contrast, the highest prevalence of LSD in animals less than one year age group was observed by (Ahmed and Zaher, 2008;Sevik and Dogan, 2017) and opined that the incidence of LSD increased as age increases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Molecular Detection and Seroprevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle

Gayal

Sakhare

Suman

et al. 2022

IJAR

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Background: To investigate seroprevalence, clinical manifestations, molecular diagnosis of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle in an around Parbhani during outbreak of LSD. Methods: The cattle irrespective of their age, breed and gender were screened for detection of LSDV. Duration of study period was from December, 2020 to August, 2021. The cattle showed high fever, presence of nodules on body, nasal discharge, ocular discharge, brisket oedema and lameness were screened for Lumpy Skin Disease and were further confirmed using molecular tests. Total 478 cattle were screened for the seroprevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease by ELISA and PCR tests. The cattle were categorized into different age groups as calves (less than 0-2 years), young (between 2-4 years) and adults (4 years and above). The various breeds such as Khillar, Red Kandhari, Gir, Holstein-Friesen, cross-bred and non-descript cattle were screened. The seroprevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease in female and male was also recorded. Result: The molecular assay of LSD revealed that, out of 478 cattle screened, 267 (55.85%) serum samples were found positive by ELISA test. Whereas, among 267 blood samples and 8 scab samples tested by PCR, 82 blood samples (30.7%) and 5 scab samples (62.5%) were found positive for LSDV in cattle. LSD is an emerging, transboundary and economically important viral disease of cattle. The overall seroprevalence of LSD in cattle was 55.85%. Prominent clinical manifestations in LSD affected cattle was Prominent clinical manifestations in LSD affected cattle were fever followed by generalized appearance of skin nodules on body. In addition, LSD affected cattle showed oculo-nasal discharge, enlarged lymph nodes, brisket oedema, lameness, corneal opacity and anorexia. The scab samples were more reliable material for LSDV confirmation by PCR.

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Section: Molecular Detection and Seroprevalence Of Lumpy Skin Disease...supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Molecular Detection and Seroprevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle

Gayal

Sakhare

Suman

et al. 2022

IJAR

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“…The LSD is described as slightly elevated, firm, demarcated skin nodules (2-7cm in diameter; Fig. 5 and 6) that are typically spread over the face, nasal and oral mucosa, ears, neck, legs, tail, udder, back, scrotum, perineum, those start soon after the fever (Sevik and Dogan 2017;Pandey et al 2022). Only 40-50% animals develop skin lesions (USDA 2016).…”

Section: Clinico-pathology 241 Clinical Picturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tissues of digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tract such as the muzzle, lips (inner side), gingiva, dental pad, nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, abomasum, teats, udder, and reproductive tract in male and female could show lesions of the LSD. The impediments of serious LSD could be mastitis, pneumonia, keratitis, lameness, dysentery, and myiasis (Awadin et al 2011;Al-Salihi and Hassan 2015;Tuppurainen et al 2017a;Namazi and Tafti 2021;Pandey et al 2022).…”

Section: Gross Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Tuppurainen and Oura 2012;Abutarbush et al 2013;Al-Salihi and Hassan 2015;Ben-Gera et al 2015;Alkhamis and VanderWaal 2016;Sameea Yousefi et al 2017), Nepal(Koirala et al 2022), Pakistan(Ali et al 2019;Khan et al 2021), Vietnam(Tran et al 2021), India(Gupta et al 2020;Pandey et al 2022), China(Lu et al 2021), Balkans includes six countries i.e., Bulgaria, Serbia, Albania, Greece, FYROM and Montenegro(Klement et al 2020), Russia(Krotova et al 2022), Thailand(Sariya et al 2022), and TurkeyMat et al 2021). Ever since 2015, LSD has spread to Armenia, Russia, Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia(OIE 2015;Ripani and Pacholek 2015;Beard 2016;Tasioudi et al 2016;Zeynalova et al 2016; EFSA 2017) Tran et al (2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lumpy Skin Disease: A Threat to the Livestock Industry - A Review

Nadeem¹

2022

Agrobiol. Rec.

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) could cause huge economic losses to the farmers. It is a major obstacle to the international trade. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) belongs to genus Capripoxvirus. The LSD causes substantial decrease in milk yield may be from 10% to 85% (no conjunction). In Karachi (Pakistan), milk and meat sales have been hampered by 60% to 70% because of LSD. All breeds and ages of cattle are involved, however, cows in peak lactation and young ones are more vulnerable. The LSD epidemics mostly occur in hot and humid environment at that time majority of the insects are active those acts as vector/insect species. Wildlife could promote the spread of LSD. The clinical picture of the LSD includes nasal discharge, inappetence, fever, lachrymation along with salivation and inflamed lymph nodes, body weight loss, and occasionally death. The LSD is described by slightly elevated, firm, demarcated skin nodules (2-7cm in diameter) that are typically spread all over the body. Morbidity varies from 0.75% to 100% whereas mortality is mostly low (0 to 7%). Tissues of digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tract show lesions. Secondary complications of serious LSD could be mastitis, pneumonia, keratitis, lameness, dysentery, and myiasis. Under a microscope, in skin nodules eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the keratinocytes are considered as pathognomonic. The LSD doesn’t belong to the zoonotic diseases. Milk and meat from infected animal are reliable and safe for human consumption. It is urgent to opt strategies for the control and prevention of the disease. Restricted movement of infected animals is a major factor in the transmission of the LSD in the non-endemic area. Curtailment of vectors/insects is also proposed for the control of the disease. Additionally, vaccination/immunization with the homologous strain of the LSDV could be the best strategy for the control of the disease. Diagnosis has also prime importance that should be prompt and precise especially in the endemic areas has prime importance so that control measures could be opted well in time for the curtailment of the LSD.

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