Observations on the Isolated Phrenic Nerve Diaphragm Preparation of the Rat

Bülbring, Edith

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1946.tb00025.x

Cited by 430 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The left hemidiaphragm and phrenic nerve were isolated as described previously (25) and mounted under 1 g of resting tension in a 25-ml organ bath containing Krebs-Henseleit solution aerated with carbogen (95% O 2 , 5% CO 2 ). The nerve was stimulated via a bipolar electrode with pulses of 0.5-ms duration and supramaximal voltage using a Grass S48 stimulator with an SIU5 isolation unit.…”

Section: Rat Phrenic Nerve-hemidiaphragm Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Conotoxin EpI, a Novel Sulfated Peptide from Conus episcopatusThat Selectively Targets Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Loughnan

Bond

Atkins

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

109

100

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We have isolated and characterized ␣-conotoxin EpI, a novel sulfated peptide from the venom of the molluscivorous snail, Conus episcopatus. The peptide was classified as an ␣-conotoxin based on sequence, disulfide connectivity, and pharmacological target. EpI has homology to sequences of previously described ␣-conotoxins, particularly PnIA, PnIB, and ImI. However, EpI differs from previously reported conotoxins in that it has a sulfotyrosine residue, identified by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry. Native EpI was shown to coelute with synthetic EpI. The peptide sequence is consistent with most, but not all, recognized criteria for predicting tyrosine sulfation sites in proteins and peptides.

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Section: Rat Phrenic Nerve-hemidiaphragm Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Conotoxin EpI, a Novel Sulfated Peptide from Conus episcopatusThat Selectively Targets Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Loughnan

Bond

Atkins

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

109

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The slight initial increase of the electrical twitch height by ether in this experiment agrees with the results obtained by Watland et al Although Muto (14) reported that the increase in muscle tone during the light stage of ether anesthesia should be ascribed to the facilitatory action upon the gamma motor system, it is apparent from the results of the present study that the stimulant effect of ether upon neuromuscular transmission also plays a role. How ever, the question of whether the initial stimulant effects by ether upon neuromuscular transmission are mediated directly by the anesthetics themselves or indirectly through the catecholamines released by anesthesia, needs further analysis, since catecholamines also enhance the neuromuscular traits nij,ioA in a certain state (15). The significant depressive effect of ether upon neuromuscular transmission was re-established in this paper even for surgical depth of anesthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

The Differential Effect of Anesthetics on Muscle Relaxation

Shimoji

Asari

Nioh

et al. 1968

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…The details of the dissection and assembly of the apparatus were those described by Bulbring (1946) and modified by Chou (1947). The fanshaped muscle strip was stimulated indirectly through the phrenic nerve at 6/min.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuromuscular Blocking Action of Suxamethonium on the Rat Diaphragm

Whittaker

1962

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Experiments are described using the rat isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation, in which suxamethonium produced a neuromuscular block consisting of an initial phase of fairly sharp onset followed by a prolonged phase, which first remained at a steady level and then slowly decreased in intensity over several hours. Suxamethonium block is antagonised by potassium and intensified by tubocurarine in both phases. It would therefore appear that the depolarising action of suxamethonium is complicated by some measure of competitive inhibition in the isolated nervemuscle preparation as in the intact animal.THE nature of the neuromuscular block produced by suxamethonium showed a marked species variation. Zaimis (1953) reported some competitive features of the block in monkeys, dogs, rabbits and hares. However, on isolated rat and kitten phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations, Stovner (1958) showed that the neuromuscular block produced by succinylmonocholine was more competitive in nature than that produced by suxamethonium.There is much clinical evidence for the existence of a mixed neuromuscular block produced by suxamethonium. Grant (1952), Ruddell (1952, Hodges (1953), Guerrier andWilliams (1954), andBrennan (1956) have reported reversal of prolonged suxamethonium paralysis by neostigmine in man and in other intact animals. EXPERIMENTAL MethodThe details of the dissection and assembly of the apparatus were those described by Bulbring (1946) and modified by Chou (1947). The fanshaped muscle strip was stimulated indirectly through the phrenic nerve at 6/min. with supramaximal rectangular pulses of 0.1 to 0.3 m-sec. duration. Muscle contractions were recorded by a spring-loaded lever. The muscle was immersed in a bath containing Tyrode solution modified by halving the concentration of calcium chloride (bringing the concentration nearer to the ionised concentration in the blood) (McDowall, Miechowski and Shafei, 1949), and reducing the concentration of magnesium chloride from 0.01 to 0.0025 per cent (Taugner and Fleckenstein, 1950). The fluid was aerated with 95 per cent oxygen and 5 per cent carbon dioxide. The capacity of the bath was 75 ml. and the temperature was maintained constant in all experiments _ af 0.25". Doses referred to are in terms of suxamethonium btomidc;,~ potassium chloride and tubocurarine chloride.

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Observations on the Isolated Phrenic Nerve Diaphragm Preparation of the Rat

Cited by 430 publications

References 10 publications

α-Conotoxin EpI, a Novel Sulfated Peptide from Conus episcopatusThat Selectively Targets Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

α-Conotoxin EpI, a Novel Sulfated Peptide from Conus episcopatusThat Selectively Targets Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

The Differential Effect of Anesthetics on Muscle Relaxation

The Neuromuscular Blocking Action of Suxamethonium on the Rat Diaphragm

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