Observed changes in precipitation in China-Pakistan economic corridor during 1980–2016

Ullah, Safi; You, Qinglong; Ullah, Waheed; Ali, Amjad

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.04.007

Cited by 131 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…There is also great variation in temperature from north to south, with the maximum average temperature ranging from 15 to 35 • C, while the minimum temperature ranges from less than zero to 14 • C [14,40]. Climate change has had a significant impact on Pakistan in terms of heavy precipitation/drought and temperature extreme events, which have caused damage on a vast scale [41,42]. An assessment of the performance of GPPs is therefore extremely important, enabling it to be further used for different applications including hydrological and agricultural studies and in planning and decision making.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Multiple Precipitation Products against In-Situ Observations over Different Climate Regions of Pakistan

et al. 2019

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Various state-of-the-art gridded satellite precipitation products (GPPs) have been derived from remote sensing and reanalysis data and are widely used in hydrological studies. An assessment of these GPPs against in-situ observations is necessary to determine their respective strengths and uncertainties. GPPs developed from satellite observations as a primary source were compared to in-situ observations, namely the Climate Hazard group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA). These products were compared to in-situ data from 51 stations, spanning 1998-2016, across Pakistan on daily, monthly, annual and interannual time scales. Spatiotemporal climatology was well captured by all products, with more precipitation in the north eastern parts during the monsoon months and vice-versa. Daily precipitation with amount larger than 10 mm showed significant (95%, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) agreement with the in-situ data, especially TMPA, followed by CHIRPS and MSWEP. At monthly scales, there were significant correlations (R) between the GPPs and in-situ records, suggesting similar dynamics; however, statistical metrics suggested that the performance of these products varies from north towards south. Temporal agreement on an interannual scale was higher in the central and southern parts which followed precipitation seasonality. TMPA performed the best, followed in order by CHIRPS, MSWEP and PERSIANN-CDR.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Multiple Precipitation Products against In-Situ Observations over Different Climate Regions of Pakistan

et al. 2019

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“…The CPEC is a flag project of the One Belt and One Road Initiative and is stretched from south to northeast of Pakistan (Irshad et al, 2015). The geographical coordinates of CPEC are 25 24 0 -36 10 0 north latitude and 63 21 0 -74 59 0 east longitude (Ullah et al, 2018). The corridor links the Gawadar Port of Pakistan to the Kashgar city of China (Javaid, 2016;Markey, 2016).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total estimated length of the corridor is 4,918 km with two major routes, i.e., eastern and western routes . The western route lies in the west of Pakistan, covering most parts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan Provinces, while the eastern route is located in the east of Pakistan, passes through major cities of the Punjab and Sindh provinces (Ullah et al, 2018). The CPEC is extended from north to south of Pakistan and its networks of developmental projects and economic zones will cover entire Pakistan.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The southern parts of Pakistan also experienced a warming trend during the last century . However, the above-cited studies are either focused on a small region, limited number of stations, short time periods, different indices, data sources or methodologies (Ullah et al, 2018). Moreover, no attempt has been made so far to conduct a detailed study on the analysis of extreme temperature events over the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).…”

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Observed changes in temperature extremes over China–Pakistan Economic Corridor during 1980–2016

Ullah

You

Ullah

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study uses the daily maximum and minimum temperature data sets of 48 meteorological stations to assess the observed changes in temperature extremes over China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) during 1980–2016. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall, Sen's slope estimator, least squares method, and two‐tailed simple t‐test methods were used to assess the trend in nine temperature extreme indices. The results of the study indicated that the trends in annual mean anomalies of cold nights, cold days, and frost days significantly decreased at the rates of −1.09, −1.58, and −1.05 day/decade, respectively. The number of warm nights, warm days, and summer days exhibited significant positive trends at the rates of 1.49, 1.04, and 4.32 day/decade, respectively. In addition, the trends of the warmest day and coldest day also increased significantly at the rates of 0.45 and 0.51 °C/decade, respectively. The trend of diurnal temperature range decreased significantly with −0.35 °C/decade. The spatial distribution of temperature extreme indices indicated that the number of cold nights, cold days, and diurnal temperature range have been decreased, while the trends of warm nights, warm days, summer days, warmest day, and coldest day have been increased over the whole country. Large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes derived from ERA‐Interim reanalysis show that a weak (strong) wind pressure, increasing (decreasing) geopotential height, and rapid warming (cooling) over the northern (southern) region have contributed to the changes in temperature extremes in Pakistan to some extent. With respect to elevation‐dependent warming (EDW), the trends of cold nights, warm days, summer days, warmest day, and diurnal temperature range showed significant positive correlations with increasing elevation. However, the trends of cold days, warm nights, frost days, and coldest day showed significant negative relationships with increasing elevation. The findings of this study will be helpful in the adaptation of climate change and mitigation of climatological disasters in the region. The study recommends that future studies should investigate the natural and anthropogenic drivers of temperature extremes and the possible mechanism of EDW in the CPEC region.

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“…From a climatic point of view, it is well known that monthly amounts provide valuable information regarding the precipitation of a given territory. Traditionally, the focus has been placed on means and the extreme rainfall of concrete regions around the world at global (Berghuijs et al, ) and regional scales: the Mediterranean (Caloiero et al, ; Lazoglou et al, ; Zittis, ), the rest of Europe (Panagos et al, ; Beranová and Kyselý, ; Brown, ), Africa (Abahous et al, ; Gummadi et al, ), Asia (Jiang et al, ; Kim et al, ; Ullah et al, ; Zhao et al, ), and America (Bernardino et al, ; Ciemer et al, ; Valdés‐Pineda et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and trends of different precipitation variability indices based on daily data in Northern Chile between 1966 and 2015

Meseguer-Ruiz

Ponce-Philimon

Guijarro

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Northern Chile is one of the most arid regions in the world, as it includes the Atacama Desert. At high elevations, most precipitation is observed only during a short period of the year, from December until March. This renders water availability a major concern for policymakers. Accumulated rainfall varies considerably from one year to another, and for this reason, climate projections have a very low degree of confidence in this area. Consequently, in this region, it is more interesting to study the irregularity of precipitation itself than accumulated rainfall values, as they express in a clearer way the behaviour of precipitation. According to daily data from 161 meteorological stations, four irregularity indices of precipitation were calculated: concentration index, entropy, persistence index, and fractal dimension. These indices were measured according to observed values, and their spatial distribution was subsequently determined by interpolating following multivariate regression models that consider different geographical variables such as latitude, distance to the Amazon Basin, elevation, orientation, and curvature. The temporal trends of each index and for each meteorological station were also calculated, displaying different results depending on the latitude and elevation. These changes agree with the observed modifications on the inter‐tropical atmospheric circulation and with changes in the precipitation diurnal cycle. These results will help improve climate projections for this region, in the process facilitating the development of more accurate climate models and informing the formulation of water management policies.

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Observed changes in precipitation in China-Pakistan economic corridor during 1980–2016

Cited by 131 publications

References 66 publications

Comparing Multiple Precipitation Products against In-Situ Observations over Different Climate Regions of Pakistan

Comparing Multiple Precipitation Products against In-Situ Observations over Different Climate Regions of Pakistan

Observed changes in temperature extremes over China–Pakistan Economic Corridor during 1980–2016

Spatial distribution and trends of different precipitation variability indices based on daily data in Northern Chile between 1966 and 2015

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