“…This process is also known to occur not only locally, but also at regional levels (Kerminen et al, 2018;Kulmala et al, 2012;Wehner et al, 2007). In urban environments, NPF events are often related to environmental parameters, such as solar radiation, but also air mass history and properties, including precursor gas concentrations, and the atmospheric particle loading (Dall'Osto et al, 2013b;Dunn et al, 2004;Hakala et al, 2022;Kanawade et al, 2012;Nilsson et al, 2001;Salma et al, 2011;Stanier et al, 2004;Wonaschütz et al, 2015). The presence if pre-existing particles favours the condensation of low volatility gases, leading to a competition between condensation and nucleation processes.…”