Observed trends in ambient concentrations of C2–C8 hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom over the period from 1993 to 2004

Dollard, G. J.; Dumitrean, P.; Telling, S.; Dixon, James P.; Derwent, R.G.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.020

Cited by 71 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The pentanes both show decreases of 4 % per year. These results are in agreement with regulations as the principle source of butanes and pentanes is from the evaporation of motor spirit which has been reduced in recent years due to the introduction of more efficient fuel canisters in motor vehicles (Dollard et al, 2007). As expected no significant trends are seen for ethane and propane which are primarily emitted from natural gas leakage and not from motor vehicles.…”

Section: Long Term Trends and Elevationssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Table 5 shows yearly average mole fractions in baseline and European air masses of the range of compounds measured at Mace Head compared with other measurements made at Mace Head and in Europe. All species reported in the rural UK site by Dollard et al (2007) are higher than Mace Head averages due to the influence of anthropogenic emissions in the UK. Data from a maritime site on the west coast of France (Sauvage et al, 2009) are always higher than Mace Head data and lower than rural UK data.…”

Section: Seasonal Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have reported marked decreases in the mole fractions of NMHCs measured in mainland Europe and the UK between the 1990s and 2000 (Derwent et al, 2003;Dollard et al, 2007;Dore et al, 2007;Solberg et al, 2002). This decrease in observed mole fractions was brought about by a reduction in hydrocarbon emissions resulting from the implementation of the Geneva Protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution CLR-TAP (UN ECE, 1991, http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/vola h1.htm) with the aim of reducing emissions of ozone precursors.…”

Section: Long Term Trends and Elevationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We would like to note that this five year record is a rather short dataset from which to estimate long-term atmospheric trends however we have included these to enable initial comparison to other available datasets. Other studies have calculated long-term trends using ten year datasets and propose this to be the minimum length dataset over which one can verify a "long-term" trend (for example von Schneidemesser et al, 2010;Dollard et al, 2007;Hakola et al, 2006;Helmig et al, 2009).…”

Section: Long Term Trends and Elevationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference in propane values measured at other sites during earlier time periods may be explained if one takes into account changes in motor vehicle emissions. Dollard et al (2007) highlighted that propane emissions from motor vehicles was being steadily reduced due to the large scale implementation of catalytic converters, which now exist in the large majority of motor vehicles. The main source of propane is from natural gas leakage.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A five year record of high-frequency in situ measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons at Mace Head, Ireland

et al. 2011

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Section: Long Term Trends and Elevationssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Seasonal Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Long Term Trends and Elevationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Long Term Trends and Elevationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A five year record of high-frequency in situ measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons at Mace Head, Ireland

et al. 2011

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Analysis of long‐term observations of NO_x and CO in megacities and application to constraining emissions inventories

Haßler

McDonald

Frost

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Long‐term atmospheric NOx/CO enhancement ratios in megacities provide evaluations of emission inventories. A fuel‐based emission inventory approach that diverges from conventional bottom‐up inventory methods explains 1970–2015 trends in NOx/CO enhancement ratios in Los Angeles. Combining this comparison with similar measurements in other U.S. cities demonstrates that motor vehicle emissions controls were largely responsible for U.S. urban NOx/CO trends in the past half century. Differing NOx/CO enhancement ratio trends in U.S. and European cities over the past 25 years highlights alternative strategies for mitigating transportation emissions, reflecting Europe's increased use of light‐duty diesel vehicles and correspondingly slower decreases in NOx emissions compared to the U.S. A global inventory widely used by global chemistry models fails to capture these long‐term trends and regional differences in U.S. and Europe megacity NOx/CO enhancement ratios, possibly contributing to these models' inability to accurately reproduce observed long‐term changes in tropospheric ozone.

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Emission ratios of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in northern mid‐latitude megacities: Observations versus emission inventories in Los Angeles and Paris

et al. 2013

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[1] Ground-based and airborne volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements in Los Angeles, California, and Paris, France, during the Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) and Megacities: Emissions, Urban, Regional and Global Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Effects, and Integrated Tools for Assessment and Mitigation (MEGAPOLI) campaigns, respectively, are used to examine the spatial variability of the composition of anthropogenic VOC urban emissions and to evaluate regional emission inventories. Two independent methods that take into account the effect of chemistry were used to determine the emission ratios of anthropogenic VOCs (including anthropogenic isoprene and oxygenated VOCs) over carbon monoxide (CO) and acetylene. Emission ratios from both methods agree within AE20%, showing the reliability of our approach. Emission ratios for alkenes, alkanes, and benzene are fairly similar between Los Angeles and Paris, whereas the emission ratios for C7-C9 aromatics in Paris are higher than in Los Angeles and other French and European Union urban areas by a factor of 2-3. The results suggest that the emissions of gasoline-powered vehicles still dominate the hydrocarbon distribution in northern mid-latitude urban areas, which disagrees with emission inventories. However, regional characteristics like the gasoline composition could affect the composition of hydrocarbon emissions. The observed emission ratios show large discrepancies by a factor of 2-4 (alkanes and oxygenated VOC) with the ones derived from four reference emission databases. A bias in CO emissions was also evident for both megacities. Nevertheless, the difference between measurements and inventory in terms of the overall OH reactivity is, in general, lower than 40%, and the potential to form secondary organic aerosols (SOA) agrees within 30% when considering volatile organic emissions as the main SOA precursors.Citation: Borbon, A., et al. (2013), Emission ratios of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in northern mid-latitude megacities: Observations versus emission inventories in Los Angeles and Paris,

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Observed trends in ambient concentrations of C2–C8 hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom over the period from 1993 to 2004

Cited by 71 publications

References 2 publications

A five year record of high-frequency in situ measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons at Mace Head, Ireland

A five year record of high-frequency in situ measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons at Mace Head, Ireland

Analysis of long‐term observations of NO_x and CO in megacities and application to constraining emissions inventories

Emission ratios of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in northern mid‐latitude megacities: Observations versus emission inventories in Los Angeles and Paris

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Observed trends in ambient concentrations of C2–C8 hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom over the period from 1993 to 2004

Cited by 71 publications

References 2 publications

A five year record of high-frequency in situ measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons at Mace Head, Ireland

A five year record of high-frequency in situ measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons at Mace Head, Ireland

Analysis of long‐term observations of NOx and CO in megacities and application to constraining emissions inventories

Emission ratios of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in northern mid‐latitude megacities: Observations versus emission inventories in Los Angeles and Paris

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Analysis of long‐term observations of NO_x and CO in megacities and application to constraining emissions inventories