Obstacle-Avoidance Displays for Helicopter Operations: Spatial Versus Guidance Symbologies

Kahana, Allon

doi:10.2514/1.i010306

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The advisory symbol warns the pilot about an approaching obstacle, and will provide a discrete suggestion when to initiate a climb-over maneuver. The principle design of the advisory symbol is inspired by a study conducted by Kahana [10], Figure 4. The depicted empty bar at the first position is always shown to the pilot.…”

Section: Advisory Displaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Evaluation of a Constraint-Based Head-Up Display for Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance During Forward Flight

Friesen

Pavel

Borst

et al. 2020

AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum

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This paper aims to reveal the effect of different display design principles in the helicopter domain. Two different obstacle avoidance support displays are evaluated during low-altitude, forward helicopter flight: a baseline Head-Up Display (HUD) is complemented either by a conventional advisory display, or a constraint-based display inspired by Ecological Interface Design. The latter has only been sparsely applied in the helicopter domain. It is hypothesized that the advisory display reduces workload, increases situation awareness, and improves performance measures in nominal obstacle avoidance situations, while the constraint-based display increases the resilience of the pilot-vehicle system towards unexpected, off-nominal situations. Twelve helicopter pilots with varying flight experience participated in an experiment in the SIMONA Research Simulator at Delft University of Technology. Contrary to expectations, the experiment revealed no significant effects of the displays on any of the dependent measures. However, there was a trend of decreasing pilot workload and increasing situation awareness when employing any of the support displays, compared to the baseline HUD. Pilots preferred the advisory display in nominal and the constraint-based display in off-nominal situations, reproducing similar findings from research in the fixed-wing domain. The relatively short time-frame and monotony of the control-task, an already cue-rich baseline HUD condition, and similarity between the displays possibly prohibited revealing larger differences between conditions. Future research will analyze the obstacle avoidance trajectories of this experiment, possibly revealing changes in control strategy caused by the displays, even when the lumped performance measures are similar. A follow-up experiment will focus on a longer task time-frame, more variable situations, and a truly ecological display to investigate the effect of applying Ecological Interface Design and different automation systems in the helicopter domain.

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Section: Advisory Displaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the outside view was distracting the pilot from the two-dimensional cue-following task. Current concepts of obstacle avoidance systems provide maneuvering advice [10], increase the perception of obstacles by magnifying them visually [8,11], or provide combined visual/auditory cues [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of a Constraint-Based Head-Up Display for Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance During Forward Flight

Friesen

Pavel

Borst

et al. 2020

AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum

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show abstract

“…The advisory symbol warns the pilot about an approaching obstacle, and will provide a discrete suggestion when to initiate a pull-up maneuver. The principle design of the advisory symbol is inspired by a study conducted by Kahana [9], Figure 4. The depicted empty bar at the first position is always shown to the pilot.…”

Section: Advisory Displaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the outside view was distracting the pilot from the two-dimensional cue-following task. Current concepts of obstacle avoidance systems provide maneuvering advice [9], increase the perception of obstacles by magnifying them visually [6,10], or provide combined visual/auditory cues [11]. Maneuver-following cues have been implemented recently in a HUD as a tunnel-in-the-sky or virtual leading aircraft [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of a Constraint-Based Head-Up Display for Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance

Friesen

Borst

Pavel

et al. 2021

Journal of Aerospace Information Systems

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This paper investigates the effect of employing different display design principles for humanmachine interaction in helicopters. Two obstacle avoidance support displays are evaluated during low-altitude, forward flight. A baseline Head-Up Display is complemented either by a conventional advisory display, or a constraint-based display inspired by Ecological Interface Design. The latter design philosophy has only been sparsely applied in the helicopter domain. Twelve helicopter pilots participated in an experiment in a research flight simulator. We found no significant effects of the displays on objective performance measures. However, there was a trend of decreasing pilot workload and increasing situation awareness when employing the support displays, compared to the baseline display. The constraint-based display had the largest positive effect, and increased the resilience of the pilot-vehicle system towards unexpected events,

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Studies on in-flight aircraft rerouting

Kiselev,

Kalyuzhny,

Karpov

et al. 2024

Naučn. vestn. MGTU GA

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With the publication of this article, the authors continue the research on the development and testing of a methodology for in-flight aircraft rerouting which have begun in previously published articles in the Civil Aviation High Technologies of the Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation. This article presents the results of the study in terms of developing the potentials of the methodology from reconfiguring a route of a hypothetical aircraft and obstacles in the horizontal plane, which were previously demonstrated, prior to rerouting in both the horizontal and vertical planes for two different types of obstacles: 1) ground natural or artificial (mountain, power line support, etc.); 2) air (squall line, prohibited flight area, etc.) and their combinations using an example of a Mi-8 helicopter flight on route using a real digital map of the terrain. As mentioned above, a large amount of aviation accidents is associated with the loss of control in-flight, as well as the collision with terrain in a controlled flight (categories LOC-I, CFIT, LALT). As a result of the investigation of the aviation accidents, it was found that these accidents are often caused by the requirement to reroute quickly due to obstacles, for example, a squall line. When determining alternatives to avoid an obstacle, as well as while implementing the selected route for avoiding action, the crew makes errors due to the increased psychophysiological load and lack of time. The methodology and the algorithms, proposed by the authors, make it possible to assess the safety of an original route, estimate options for alternatives to avoid around obstacles detected in-flight, check them for feasibility, taking into account aircraft performance, flight envelope, and also select the optimal route from the view of some criterion, for example, based on minimizing the route length increase, reducing additional fuel consumption, the time required to implement a new route of flight, etc.

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Obstacle-Avoidance Displays for Helicopter Operations: Spatial Versus Guidance Symbologies

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Design and Evaluation of a Constraint-Based Head-Up Display for Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance During Forward Flight

Design and Evaluation of a Constraint-Based Head-Up Display for Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance During Forward Flight

Design and Evaluation of a Constraint-Based Head-Up Display for Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance

Studies on in-flight aircraft rerouting

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