Obstacle Detection and Assistance for Visually Impaired Individuals Using an IoT-Enabled Smart Blind Stick

Abstract

As technological advancements permeate various aspects of life, they offer renewed hope for individuals grappling with disabilities. This paper focuses on the visually impaired population, who face considerable challenges in mobility due to physiological or neurological conditions causing blindness. Despite a reliance on external aid, a growing preference for self-sufficiency is observed among these individuals. In response to this, a pioneering tool, the Smart Blind Stick (SBS), is proposed to alleviate their mobility-related difficulties. The SBS is an advanced adaptive tool, designed to address daily navigation challenges faced by visually impaired individuals. The device operates by identifying obstacles and accurately calculating their distances using an integrated system of an Arduino UNO controller, Viola Jones algorithm, ultrasonic and water sensors. The SBS is equipped with a camera and advanced ultrasonic sensors, along with enhanced coding systems, enabling users to detect objects and navigate through challenging terrains. The SBS distinguishes itself from conventional aids by serving as an autonomous navigation companion, alerting the user of potential hazards such as water bodies, walls, staircases, or uneven surfaces via a headset connected to their phone. This paper elaborates on the development, functionality, and anticipated impact of the SBS in fostering greater autonomy among visually impaired individuals.