1996
DOI: 10.1056/nejm199606203342501
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Obstetrical Factors and the Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from Mother to Child

Abstract: The risk of transmission of HIV-1 from mother to infant increases when the fetal membranes rupture more than four hours before delivery.

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Cited by 397 publications
(133 citation statements)
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“…Intrapartum transmission is postulated to occur through contact of infant mucosal membranes with HIV virus in secretions and blood during the birth process. In the absence of ARV treatment, increased risk of transmission has been associated with duration of membrane rupture greater than four hours (13). In addition, microtransfusions across the placenta during labor contractions also probably conduce to the increased risk of transmission during the labor and delivery period (11).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Intrapartum transmission is postulated to occur through contact of infant mucosal membranes with HIV virus in secretions and blood during the birth process. In the absence of ARV treatment, increased risk of transmission has been associated with duration of membrane rupture greater than four hours (13). In addition, microtransfusions across the placenta during labor contractions also probably conduce to the increased risk of transmission during the labor and delivery period (11).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Minkoff et al described a significantly increased rate of perinatal transmission of HIV infection in term women with low CD 4 count if they have ruptured their membranes for more than 4 hours (Minkoff et al, 1995). Other studies confirmed Minkoff's work and found an increase of perinatal transmission from 14% to 25% in the setting of rupture of membranes for greater than 4 hours (Landesman et al, 1996). Furthermore, there is a significant rise in transmission -from 8% to 31% -among women with AIDS if delivery is postponed past 24 hours after rupture of membranes (International Perinatal HIV Group, 2001).…”
Section: Management Of Pprom In Women Infected With Hivmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Deux tiers des enfants contaminés seraient infectés par le VIH le jour même de leur naissance, c'est-à-dire lors de l'accouchement [11]. Au moment de son passage dans le canal utérin, le nouveau-né serait exposé aux sécrétions vaginales et au sang maternel contaminés par le VIH: on observe ainsi une différence d'infection verticale entre le premier (taux plus élevé) et le second des jumeaux nés par voie vaginale [9]; par ailleurs, la probabilité de transmission est réduite de moitié si l'accouchement est réalisé par une césarienne programmée, pratiquée avant le début du travail [9]; enfin, une rupture prolongée des membranes amniotiques lors de l'accouchement favoriserait la transmission du VIH lors du travail et de l'accouchement [12]. La présence du VIH a été détectée dans les sécrétions géni-tales: il a été postulé que ces virions pourraient accéder à la cavité utérine durant la grossesse, plus particulièrement durant le travail; la transmission mère-enfant périnatale aurait alors lieu par voie ascendante [13].…”
Section: Des Périodes Critiques Pour La Transmission Mère-enfantunclassified