Occlusal Caries Extension in Relation to Visual and Radiographic Diagnostic Criteria: Results from a Microcomputed Tomography Study

Abstract

SUMMARY Objective This in vitro study aimed to evaluate occlusal caries extension in relation to visual and radiographic diagnostic criteria and their clinical value to indicate operative or preventive dental care. Methods A total of 196 third molars with clinically sound occlusal fissures or noncavitated lesions were collected. Before microcomputed tomography (μCT) investigation, each tooth was examined visually and radiographically. Kühnisch's μCT-based caries-extension index (CE index) was used to determine the caries depth on a numeric scale (0 = sound; 0.01-0.99 = enamel caries; 1.0-1.99 = dentin caries). Sensitivities (SEs), specificities (SPs), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az value) were also calculated. Results Based on μCT data, the following mean CE index values and standard deviations (SDs) were documented according to the visual criteria: sound = 0.6 (0.4); first visible signs = 0.9 (0.4); established lesions = 1.3 (0.3); microcavities = 1.4 (0.2); dentin exposure = 1.5 (0.2); and large cavities = 1.5 (0.3). The radiographic categories according to Marthaler (enamel caries [D0-2], caries in the outer half of dentin [D3], and caries in the inner half of dentin [D4]) were related to CE index values of 0.9 (0.4), 1.4 (0.2) and 1.6 (0.4), respectively. Caries detected visually or radiographically showed an SE of 84% and an SP of 85% (Az = 0.85). When both methods were used to predict dentin involvement simultaneously, SE = 27%, SP = 100%, and Az = 0.63; this combined visual and radiographic approach was associated with a perfect specificity and no false-negative decisions. The proportion of false-positive diagnoses was moderately high, and lesion extension in these cases was mainly limited to the outer 20% of the dentin. Conclusions Our results might be useful for differentiating between preventive and operative dental care for pits and fissures.

Diagnostic validity of the use of ICDAS II and DIAGNOdent pen verified by micro-computed tomography for the detection of occlusal caries lesions—an in vitro evaluation

“…The different composition of sample groups should be taken into consideration when translating the experiences into clinical practice [41]. In our study, we examined premolars and molars (including third molars).…”

Mineralization of dental tissues and caries lesions detailed with Raman microspectroscopic imaging

“…Conventional radiography tends to underestimate caries-induced tissue damage and demineralization. Additionally, they usually only detect lesions that have already extended beyond the dentin enamel junction 8 . Therefore, modern methods to detect early lesions are needed.…”