Occlusal force evaluation and its clinical implication in dental clinics

Abstract

Occlusal force is defined as the force resulting from an interaction between upper and lower teeth, bones, and muscles. The amount of occlusal force is mainly determined by the condition of masticatory muscles and affected by various factors, such as age, sex, craniomandibular morphology, dentition, and periodontal support. The maximum bite force is used as an indicator of the functional state of the masticatory system, and the association between occlusal force and various dental clinical procedures has been reported. In this article, we aim to review the implication of occlusal force in dental clinical settings. We summarize various methods and considerations for measuring occlusal force and investigate the relationship between occlusal force and clinical practices, including orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery, prosthetic restoration, and temporomandibular disorders.