Occupational allergic contact dermatitis to dibutyl maleate and dibutyl fumarate present in a safety shoe: A reason for concern?

Siemund, Ingrid; Dahlin, Jakob

doi:10.1111/cod.13907

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Among the suite of emerging plasticizers, DBF, MBB, and TEC were frequently detected in maternal sera, with median concentrations of 0.96, 1.1, and 0.49 ng/mL, respectively, whereas ATBC, DMAZ, DMS, and TBC were detectable in 33%–45% of maternal sera. DBF has been suggested as a “greener” PAE alternative, used as a raw material to synthesize films of polylactic acid with better plasticizing properties. , Citric acid esters, including TBC and TEC, have been applied as plasticizers in food contact polymer materials . DMAZ is also used as an additive in food packaging materials, as well as an active ingredient in pesticide mixtures, while DMS is mainly used in paints, filters, adhesives, pesticides, and ingredients used in automotive goods …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Emerging Plasticizers and Synthetic Antioxidants and Their Potency to Cross Human Placenta

Tang

Sun

Qiao

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Gestational exposure to environmental chemicals and subsequent permeation through the placental barrier represents potential health risks to both pregnant women and their fetuses. In the present study, we explored prenatal exposure to a suite of 46 emerging plasticizers and synthetic antioxidants (including five transformation products of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, BHT) and their potency to cross human placenta based on a total of 109 maternal and cord serum pairs. Most of these chemicals have rarely or never been investigated for prenatal exposure and associated health risks. Eleven of them exhibited detection frequency greater than 50% in maternal blood, including dibutyl fumarate (DBF), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DtBP), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), methyl-2-(benzoyl)benzoate (MBB), triethyl citrate (TEC), BHT, and its five metabolites, with a median concentration from 0.05 to 3.1 ng/mL. The transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE) was determined for selected chemicals with valid measurements in more than 10 maternal/cord blood pairs, and the mean TTEs exhibited a large variation (i.e., 0.29–2.14) between chemicals. The determined TTEs for some of the target chemicals were comparable to the predicted values by our previously proposed models developed from molecular descriptors, indicating that their transplacental transfer potency could be largely affected by physicochemical properties and molecular structures. However, additional biological and physiological factors may influence the potency of environmental chemicals to cross human placenta. Overall, our study findings raise concern on human exposure to an increasing list of plastic additives during critical life stages (e.g., pregnancy) and potential health risks.

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