Occupational Asthma: An Overview

Tan, Jessica; Bernstein, Jonathan A.

doi:10.1007/s11882-014-0431-y

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The most relevant LMW agents include Western red cedar, polyisocyanates and their polymers, acid anhydrides, metals, and a spec-trum of chemical substances. 50,51 The diagnosis of OA has a significant impact on the future employment, health, and the socioeconomics of the worker, but this should be considered in every asthma patients with poor asthma control. It is critical to keep in mind that a careful history of workrelated exposures is included in evaluation of a patient with chronic cough, asthma, and allergic rhinitis.…”

Section: Occupational Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma risk factors

Toskala

Kennedy

2015

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

174

122

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Asthma represents a dysfunctional interaction with our genes and the environment to which they are exposed, especially in fetal and early infant life. The increasing prevalence of asthma in all age groups indicate that our living environment and immunity are in imbalance with each other reacting with airway inflammation to the environmental exposures and often non-harmful proteins, such as allergens causing the current "asthma and allergy epidemic." Because of the close relationship between asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis, it is important that otolaryngologists have a good understanding of asthma, the etiologic factors associated with disease, and its evaluation and management.

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Section: Occupational Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma risk factors

Toskala

Kennedy

2015

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

174

122

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“…Szacuje się, że częstość występowania zawodowej astmy oskrzelowej (occupational asthma -OA) wynosi ok. 15% wśród dorosłych chorych na astmę oskrzelową [49,50]. W przypadku podejrzenia zawodowej astmy oskrzelowej o podłożu alergicznym ważne jest wykazanie swoistej nadwrażliwości na alergeny z miejsca pracy.…”

Section: Diagnostyka Astmy Zawodowejunclassified

The usefulness of bronchial challenge tests in the diagnosis of occupational asthma

Nowakowska‐Świrta

Wiszniewska

Walusiak‐Skorupa

2018

Med Pr

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Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is the individual ability to respond with bronchoconstriction to a variety of specific and nonspecific stimuli which do not cause these symptoms among healthy subjects. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is one of the hallmark features of asthma. The degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness is variable among individuals with asthma and may correlate to its severity (the more severe asthma the higher bronchial hyperreactivity). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is evaluated by performing bronchial provocation test (BPT). Provocation tests are classified - according to their mechanisms - into direct and indirect tests. Direct challenge tests are highly sensitive and they are used primarily to rule out asthma. In contrast, provocation tests with indirect stimuli are less sensitive but more specific to the direct tests; they are used generally to confirm the diagnosis of asthma and they allow for more accurate conclusions about inflammatory lesions in the case of a patient. Bronchial provocation tests play a significant role in occupational medicine. They are particularly relevant to be performed prior to employment, during periodic examinations, and to diagnose and monitor both occupational asthma and work-related asthma. This article presents selected bronchial provocation tests and their usefulness in the diagnosis of occupational asthma. Med Pr 2018;69(4):457-471.

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“…Today, occupational exposures in regards to chemicals and particles, physical factors, ergonomics at the workplace and psychosocial environment are important issues at the clinics. In order to prevent unnecessary risks and exposures, many occupational areas are controlled by legislation [18][19].…”

Section: Occupational Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, asthma is a common diagnosis with 300 million people affected worldwide, of which 15% of all cases are estimated to be work-related [18,35]. Occupational asthma is characterized by having one or more of these symptoms; decreased airflow, hyperresponsiveness or inflammation.…”

Section: Occupational Rhinitis and Occupational Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reaction is caused by the occupational environment and the stimulus is not found outside of the occupational environment. As is the case for occupational rhinitis, asthma is divided into allergic asthma, with high molecular weight agents and low molecular weight agents as induction, and non-allergic asthma [18]. Of the people diagnosed with occupational asthma, 76-92% are estimated to also suffer from occupational rhinitis [36].…”

Section: Occupational Rhinitis and Occupational Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upper Airway Mucosal Inflammation : Proteomic Studies after Exposure to Irritants and Microbial Agents

Fornander¹

2015

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People are, in their daily lives, exposed to a number of airborne foreign compounds that do not normally affect the body. However, depending on the nature of these compounds, dose and duration of exposure, various airway symptoms may arise. Early symptoms are often manifested as upper airway mucosal inflammation which generates changes in protein composition in the airway lining fluid.This thesis aims at identifying, understanding mechanisms and characterizing protein alterations in the upper airway mucosa that can be used as potential new biomarkers for inflammation in the mucosa. The protein composition in the mucosa was studied by sampling of nasal lavage fluid that was further analyzed with a proteomic approach using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Additionally, by studying factors on site through environmental examination, health questionnaires and biological analyses, we have tried to understand the background to these protein alterations and their impact on health.Respiratory symptoms from the upper airways are common among people who are exposed to irritative and microbial agents. This thesis have focused on personnel in swimming pool facilities exposed to trichloramine, metal industry workers exposed to metalworking fluids, employees working in damp and moldy buildings and infants diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus infection. The common denominator in these four studies is that the subjects experience upper airway mucosal inflammation, which is manifested as cough, rhinitis, phlegm etc. In the three occupational studies, the symptoms were work related. Notably, a high prevalence of perceived mucosal symptoms was shown despite the relatively low levels of airborne irritants revealed by the environmental examination. Protein profiling verified an ongoing inflammatory response by identification of several proteins that displayed altered levels. Interestingly, innate immune proteins dominated and four protein alterations occurred in most of the studies; SPLUNC1, protein S100A8 and S100A9 and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Similarly, these proteins were also found in nasal fluid from children with virus infection and in addition a truncated form of SPLUNC1 and two other S100 proteins (S100A7-like 2 and S100A16), not previously found in nasal secretion, were identified.Altogether, the results indicate the potential use of a proteomic approach for identifying new biomarkers for the upper respiratory tract at an early stage in the disease process after exposure to irritant and microbial agents. The results indicate an effect on the innate immunity system and the proteins; SPLUNC1, protein S100A8 and S100A9 and alpha-1-antitrypsin are especially promising new biomarkers. Moreover, further studies of these proteins may help us to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in irritant-induced airway inflammation. POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING FÖRÄNDRAD PROTEINSAMMANSÄTTNING I DE ÖVRE LUFTVÄGARNA EFTER EXPONERING FÖR SLEMHINNEIRRITERANDE ÄMNENVarje dag utsätts vi för partikla...

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Occupational Asthma: An Overview

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Asthma risk factors

Asthma risk factors

The usefulness of bronchial challenge tests in the diagnosis of occupational asthma

Upper Airway Mucosal Inflammation : Proteomic Studies after Exposure to Irritants and Microbial Agents

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