Occupational exposure as risk factor for kidney and bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Occupational exposure plays a huge role in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevalence of kidney cancer (KCa) and bladder cancer (BCa) worldwide. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the association between occupational exposure and risk of KCa and BCa. Method: We identified peer-reviewed articles published in English by searching PubMed, Embase, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and Cochrane databases. We selected articles published between January 2018 to May 2019. We summed up all relative risk estimates to ensure accuracy, comprehensiveness and maximize statistical power given the low absolute occupational risk of KCa, occupational risk of BCa and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). We reported this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and metaanalyses (PRISMA) checklist. Quantitative analyzes was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 (Biostat, Inc, Englewood, New Jersey, USA). Results:We found no significant association between occupational exposure and KCa (OR 1.04, 95% CI: 0.94-1.34), but there was a significant association between occupational exposure and BCa (OR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.44-1.75). Conclusion:From the result of our qualitative and quantitative analysis there was no significant association between occupational exposure and KCa whereas there was a significant association between occupational exposure and BCa.

Xeno-Estrogenic Pesticides and the Risk of Related Human Cancers

“…Human studies support the association of various OCPs (aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan, HCH, DDT, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, phenoxy acid herbicides, and methoxychlor). The exposure (both occupational and non-occupational) has been strongly linked to increased incidence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [ 22 ]; multiple myeloma [ 23 ]; soft tissue sarcomas [ 24 ]; lung cancers [ 25 ]; and cancers of the pancreas, stomach, liver, and kidney as well as urinary and gall bladder cancer [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

AhRR methylation contributes to disease progression in urothelial bladder cancer

“…BCa is considered an environmentally acquired malignancy from carcinogenic exposures such as arylamines and polycyclic aromatic amines, nitrosamines, water chlorination disinfection by-products, and tobacco smoke [ 4 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The cell lining of the urothelial wall is exposed to these carcinogens, that are either eliminated in urine or bioactivated by drug-metabolizing enzymes [ 11 ].…”