Occupational exposure to particulate matter from air pollution in the outdoor workplaces in Almaty during the cold season

Vinnikov, Denis; Tulekov, Zhangir; Raushanova, Aizhan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227447

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These numbers, however, do not consider some exposure to particulate matter (PM) in the workplaces, not traditionally considered hazardous, but shown to have high concentrations of pollutants. A recent study in Almaty ( 5 ) has demonstrated extremely high levels of PM 10 in winter in Almaty from fossil fuel burning for heating and cooking either by households in the city and in the suburbs or central heating plants in the city. Such significant exposure has serious implications with regard to whom to consider an exposed population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These countries are known to have had high level of industrialization prior to recent transition period with high ratio of population exposed to VGDF in the industry. In addition, current levels of air pollution in these countries are worrisome ( 4 , 5 ), adding to high expected prevalence of COPD, but no studies from the region have been systematically summarized in the English literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Background: Population-based studies from the Russian Federation and neighboring countries on the occupational burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are seldom or not included in the systematic reviews. The aim of this review was to summarize published population-based studies from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in order to ascertain the occupational burden of COPD.Methods: We systematically searched www.elibrary.ru and PubMed for population-based studies on the epidemiology of COPD in nine countries using PRISMA. Quality of studies was assessed using the original tool. The odds of COPD in the included studies from vapors, gases, dusts, and fumes (VGDF) was pooled using meta-analysis (fixed effects model), whereas the population attributable fraction percent (PAF%) was pooled with meta-proportion using the random effects model in Stata 14.2.Results: Five studies, three from Russia, one from Kazakhstan, and one more from Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan (total N = 18,908) with moderate to high quality and published from 2014 to 2019 (none from Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan), were included. Spirometry-defined COPD was the outcome in four of them. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of COPD from VGDF was 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34;2.13], greater in Kazakhstan [OR 1.96 (95% CI 1.35;2.85, N = 2 studies)] compared to Russia [OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.13;2.05, N = 2 studies)]. The pooled PAF% was 6% (95% CI 2; 14%) from three studies.Conclusions: Population-based studies in the CIS get little attention with very few studies published. Although the effect was greater in Kazakhstan compared to Russia, the overall effect did not differ from studies published in the rest of the world. Research capacity to study occupational risks of COPD should be strengthened to produce more evidence of higher quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Almaty is a city with high reported levels of air pollution, whereas the exposure to combustion products from fossil fuel use for heating and cooking from the suburb and heating plants in winter may be high [ 18 ]. Ambient air pollution may result in higher exhaled CO levels in those living in highly polluted cities [ 19 ]; however, the contribution of ambient CO in our cohort was negligible compared to cigarette smoking and waterpipe use because among 452 non-current smokers and never-waterpipe users, 180 (40%) had exhaled CO 0, 1 or 2 ppm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking practices in relation to exhaled carbon monoxide in an occupational cohort

et al. 2020

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Background Exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) remains a leading occupational hazard in firefighters, but cigarette and waterpipe smoking likely contributes to the other sources of CO in such workers. The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of self-reported active cigarette smoking, waterpipe use, and potential job-related sources of CO to the level of exhaled CO in firefighters. Methods We surveyed the personnel of 18 fire stations (N = 842), median age 28 years, who participated at an annual screening not timed to coincide with recent firefighting. We surveyed smoking and waterpipe history, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), use of coal for health and biomass for cooking and time since last exposure to firefighting in the workplace. We measured exhaled CO with an instantaneous reading device (piCO Smokerlyzer). We used multivariable regression models to test the association of time since last smoked cigarette (≤12 h) and waterpipe (≤12 h) and time since last fire (≤6 h) with exhaled CO. Results In analysis limited to men (93.5% of all surveyed), 42% were daily cigarette; 1% were waterpipe smokers; 94% were exposed to SHS, 29% used coal for heating and 4% used biomass for cooking. The median CO was 4 (interquartile range 3;8) ppm. Age (beta 0.74 per 10 years, p < 0.001), use of biomass fuel for cooking (beta 1.38, p = 0.05), cigarette smoked in the last 12 h (beta 8.22, p < 0.001), waterpipe smoked in the last 12 h (beta 23.10, p < 0.001) were statistically associated with CO, but not time since last fire (≤6 h) (beta 4.12, p = 0.12). There was a significant interaction between older age and firefighting for exhaled CO (p = 0.03). Conclusions Cigarette and recent waterpipe smoking are associated with increased exhaled CO in firefighters. Firefighting itself was a less potent contributor to exhaled CO when measured at an annual screening, but an age interaction was manifested.

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“…Adjustable tubes were connected to both the samplers and placed near to the breathing zone of the individual. This approach is frequently employed to understand occupational exposure of air pollutants [24,25]. A total of 8 hours of exposure measurement representing the active working period was collected.…”

Section: Measurements Of Ambient Pm25 and Personal Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution exposure and its impacts on everyday life and livelihoods of vulnerable urban populations in South Asia

Maharjan

Adhikari

Ahmad³

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Urban populations in South Asia are regularly exposed to poor air quality, especially elevated concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, the potential differential burden for the urban poor has received little attention. Here, we evaluate the links between occupation, patterns of exposure to PM2.5, and the impacts at an individual and household level for vulnerable populations in Lahore (Pakistan), Kathmandu (Nepal), and Mandalay (Myanmar). We conduct personal exposure measurements and detailed interviews, identifying a wide range of impacts at individual and household levels. Low-income populations are concentrated in occupations that expose them to higher concentrations. Individuals report a range of adverse health impacts and limited capacities to reduce exposure. The lost income, compounded with the costs of managing these health impacts and limited opportunities for alternative employment, can deepen the socioeconomic vulnerability for the household. Reducing these risks requires targeted interventions such as improved social safety nets.

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Occupational exposure to particulate matter from air pollution in the outdoor workplaces in Almaty during the cold season

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Occupational Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Occupational Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Commonwealth of Independent States: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Smoking practices in relation to exhaled carbon monoxide in an occupational cohort

Air pollution exposure and its impacts on everyday life and livelihoods of vulnerable urban populations in South Asia

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