Occupational risk and toxicology evaluations of industrial water conditioning

Abstract

This study addresses the chemical and toxicological questions due to the wide use of chemical treatment programmes for industrial cooling water. First, natural problems encountered in cooling tower systems were presented and grouped into three categories: (i) scaling; (ii) corrosion and (iii) biofouling. Chemical solutions adopted in industrial plants were outlined for each one in order to minimize damage and categorized as shut-down, production loss, heat transfer reduction, upsets, etc. Above all, the purpose of the work was to identify the most dangerous chemicals normally used, which means sources of chemical risk for safety workers and their environment; thus, symptoms of exposure, prevention measures and protection tools are also described.

Phenolic and non-Phenolic Fractions of the Olive Oil Mill Wastewaters as Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel in HCl medium

“…Among various methods of protection, the use of inhibitors which play an important role in the fight against corrosion, protecting and mitigating strategies to reduce the rate of dissolution of metals [2], that is to say, to reduce the rate of either anodic oxidation or cathodic reduction or both, the organic compounds containing hetero atoms (N, O, P or S) are effective corrosion inhibitors for corrosion of various some synthetic corrosion inhibitors have been identified to be toxic and non-ecofriendly [11][12], due to the several negative effects they have caused in the environment [13]. The toxic effect does not only affect living organisms, but also poisons the environment [14].…”

Lornoxicam & Tenoxicam Drugs as Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in 1 M H2SO4Solution

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] However, the use of these compounds has been questioned lately, due to the several negative effects they have caused in the environment. 13) Thus, the development of the novel corrosion inhibitors of natural source and non-toxic type has been considered to be more important and desirable. 14) Because of their natural origin, [15][16][17] as well as their non-toxic characteristics 18) and negligible negative impacts on the aquatic environment, 19) drugs (chemical medicines) seem to be ideal candidates to replace traditional toxic corrosion inhibitors.…”

Role of Organic and Eco-Friendly Inhibitors on the Corrosion Mitigation of Steel in Acidic Environments—A State-of-Art Review

“…Inorganic compounds are also used as inhibitors such as chromate, dichromate and nitrite [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. However, the uses of chromate are already banned for years due to the several negative effects [ 17 ]. Thus, it is recommended to develop novel corrosion inhibitors from natural source and non-toxic, which put negligible negative impact in environment [ 18 ].…”