Occurrence and Control Method of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae): Korean Perspectives

Abstract

Hemipteran bugs, which were previously considered as secondary pests, have currently become important pests of numerous crops. Among them, Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) is a major species that occurs in Korea, Japan, China, and South Asian countries. Riptortus pedestris infests leguminous crops like soybean, vetches, and red clover; fruit trees like persimmon and yuju; and grains like barley, foxtail millet, broomcorn, and sorghum. Riptortus pedestris causes the greatest damage to soybean, as it is the most suitable host for the bug. Feeding damage during pod formation significantly reduces the yield of soybean. Currently, 17 insecticides, including diazinon and etofenprox, are registered for the control of hemipteran bugs in Korea, and growers apply insecticides two to three times on a regular basis. Aggregation pheromone traps are widely used as a monitoring tool and partial control measure. The aggregation pheromone of R. pedestris attracts conspecific adults and nymphs and is used for food exploitation rather than sexual attraction. In addition, the pheromone serves as a kairomone for egg parasitoids such as Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) and Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii. As a new method of pest management, nonviable host eggs were included in the pheromone trap to catch R. pedestris and propagate parasitoids. As a part of cultural practices, resistant soybean varieties with specific color and size of pod and control of flowering time through the alteration of planting date can be used. For the effective management of R. pedestris in the near future, development of cultural practices that can support natural control factors and the use of multiple control tactics are needed.

A trap baited with multiple pheromones attracts sympatric hemipteran pests of sweet persimmon

“…The E2HZ3H, one of the pheromone components of R. pedestris AP, is highly attractive to Ooencyrtus nezarae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in the field , which is an egg parasitoid of 14 hemipteran species (Hirose et al, 1996;Mizutani, 2001;Lim, 2013). Parasitism of R. pedestris eggs by the parasitoid could be enhanced by using E2HZ3H in the field (Son et al, 2009).…”

Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Pesticides Against Hemipteran Pests on Apple Orchard

“…노린재 류의 피해증가는 기후온난화에 따른 해충의 밀도증가에 있 다고 보고 있는데 작부체계 및 방식 등 농산림생태계의 변 화와 밀접한 관련이 있다고 여겨진다 (Lee et al, 2004;Bae et al, 2008;Yoon et al, 2010). 최근 들어 노린재류의 발생 도 한 달 이상 빨라지고 봄철 발생량도 증가하였는데, 이러 한 현상은 과수뿐만 아니라 두과류, 수도에서도 나타나고 전세계에서 문제를 일으키는 추세이다 (Lim, 2013). 노린재류는 농작물의 잔재물 속이나 산속의 낙엽 아래 또 는 상록수 등의 나무가지와 조피 틈새에서 성충으로 겨울을 나고 대체로 4월~5월 경에 월동에서 깨어나 화본과나 콩과 작물, 유실수 등에서 필요한 양분을 섭취하면서 개체군의 밀도를 증식시킨다 (Son et al, 2000;Lee et al, 2004).…”

Effects of fenitrothion on Gryon japonicum (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) parasitizing non-viable, refrigerated eggs of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae)

“…Major advantages of chemical insecticides include quick and easy use, cost-effectiveness, and reliability. However, chemical insecticides are often ineffective against R. pedestris as this pest has strong flight capacity allowing it to avoid pesticide-treated areas (Lim, 2013). Biological control programs using egg parasitoids have been used successfully for the control of other stink bugs in augmentation or introduction programs (Orr, 1988;Correa-Ferreira and Moscardi, 1996;Weber et al, 1996;Ehler, 2002;Lauman et al, 2008).…”

“…Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), Gryon nigricorne Dodd, and Anastatus japonicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) all parasitize R. pedestris eggs in soybean fields in Korea and Japan (Lim, 2013). Among these species, the major egg parasitoids of R. pedestris in Korea are G. japonicum and O. nezarae (Paik et al, 2007;Mainali and Lim, 2012).…”