Occurrence and distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the atmosphere of the Andean city of Medellin, Colombia

Ávila, Boris Santiago; Mendoza, Diana Pemberthy; Ramírez, Andrés; Peñuela, Gustavo A.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135648

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Given their detrimental effects, 35 POP substances are currently regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention (SC), which seeks to reduce and eliminate POP production and use (UNECE, 1999;UNEP, 2001). However, despite regulatory action among SC signatory nations, considerable levels of POPs are still detected in water, atmosphere, biota, and sediments worldwide due to their persistence and potential for long-range transport, as well as their current emission sources (e.g., Vergara et al, 2019;Vasseghian et al, 2021;Avila et al, 2021;Die et al, 2021;Garcia-Cegarra et al, 2021). Of utmost concern is that these toxic pollutants are present in the environmental compartments of regions far from emission sources that have previously been considered pristine areas, including polar regions (Galbán-Malagón et al, 2013a, b, c;Pozo et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2020;Azcune et al, 2022;Xie et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives

et al. 2023

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Abstract. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are synthetic compounds that were intentionally produced in large quantities and have been distributed in the global environment, originating a threat due to their persistence, bioaccumulative potential, and toxicity. POPs reach the Antarctic continent through long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT). In these areas, low temperatures play a significant role in the environmental fate of POPs, retaining them for a long time due to cold trapping by diffusion and wet deposition, acting as a net sink for many POPs. However, in the current context of climate change, the remobilization of POPs that were trapped in water, ice, and soil for decades is happening. Therefore, continuous monitoring of POPs in polar air is necessary to assess whether there is a recent re-release of historical pollutants back to the environment. We reviewed the scientific literature on atmospheric levels of several POP families (polychlorinated biphenyls – PCBs, hexachlorobenzene – HCB, hexachlorocyclohexanes – HCHs, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane – DDT) from 1980 to 2021. We estimated the atmospheric half-life using characteristic decreasing times (TD). We observed that HCB levels in the Antarctic atmosphere were higher than the other target organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), but HCB also displayed higher fluctuations and did not show a significant decrease over time. Conversely, the atmospheric levels of HCHs, some DDTs, and PCBs have decreased significantly. The estimated atmospheric half-lives for POPs decreased in the following order: 4,4' DDE (13.5 years) > 4,4' DDD (12.8 years) > 4,4' DDT (7.4 years) > 2,4' DDE (6.4 years) > 2,4' DDT (6.3 years) > α-HCH (6 years) > HCB (6 years) > γ-HCH (4.2 years). For PCB congeners, they decreased in the following order: PCB 153 (7.6 years) > PCB 138 (6.5 years) > PCB 101 (4.7 years) > PCB 180 (4.6 years) > PCB 28 (4 years) > PCB 52 (3.7 years) > PCB 118 (3.6 years). For HCH isomers and PCBs, the Stockholm Convention (SC) ban on POPs did have an impact on decreasing their levels during the last decades. Nevertheless, their ubiquity in the Antarctic atmosphere shows the problematic issues related to highly persistent synthetic chemicals.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given their detrimental effects, 31 substances/substance groups of POPs are currently regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention (SC), which seeks to reduce and eliminate POPs production and use (UNECE, 1998;UNEP, 2006). However, despite regulatory action among SC signatory nations, considerable levels of POPs are still detected in water, atmosphere, biota, and sediments worldwide due to their persistence, potential for long range transport, as well as their current emission sources (e.g., Vergara et al, 2019;Vasseghian et al, 2021;Avila et al, 2021;Die et al, 2021;García-Cegarra et al, 2021). Of utmost concern, these toxic pollutants are present in the environmental compartments of regions far from emission sources that have previously been considered pristine areas, including polar regions (Galbán-Malagón et al, 2013a;Pozo et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2020;Azcune et al, 2022;Xie et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives.

Luarte

Gómez-Aburto

Poblete‐Castro

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are synthetic compounds that were intentionally produced in large quantities and have been distributed in the global environment, originating a threat due to their persistence, bioaccumulative potential and toxicity. POPs reach the Antarctic continent through long-range atmospheric transport. In these areas low temperatures play a significant role in the environmental fate of POPs, retaining them for a long-time due to cold trapping by diffusion and wet deposition, acting as net sink for many POPs. However, in the current context of climate change, remobilization of POPs trapped for decades in water, ice, and soil, is happening. Therefore, continuous monitoring of POPs in polar air is necessary to assess whether there is a recent re-release of historical pollutants back to the environment. We reviewed the scientific literature on atmospheric levels of several POPs families (polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs, hexachlorobenzene HCB, hexachlorocyclohexanes HCHs, and DDT) from 1988 to 2021. We estimated the atmospheric half-life using characteristic decreasing times (TD). We observed that HCB levels in the Antarctic atmosphere were higher than the other target OCs, but HCB also displayed higher fluctuations and did not show a significant decrease over time. Conversely, the atmospheric levels of HCHs, and some,DDTs, and PCBs have decreased significantly. The estimated atmospheric half-lives for POPs decreased in the following order: 4,4’ DDE (13.5 years) > 4,4’ DDD (12.8 years) > 4,4’ DDT (7.4 years) > 2,4’ DDE (6.4 years) > 2,4’ DDT (6.3 years) > α-HCH (6 years) > HCB (6 years) > γ-HCH (4.2 years), while for PCB congeners they decreased in the following order: PCB 153 (7.6 years) > PCB 138 (6.5 years) > PCB 101 (4.7 years) > PCB 180 (4.6 years) > PCB 28 (4 years) > PCB 52 (3.7 years) > PCB 118 (3.6 years). For HCH isomers and PCBs, the Stockholm Convention ban on POPs did have an impact on decreasing their levels during the last decades. Nevertheless, their ubiquity in the Antarctic atmosphere shows the problematic issues related to highly persistent synthetic chemicals.

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Environmental occurrence of industrial endocrine disrupting chemicals

Chandra,

Pavithra,

Ronnie Rex

et al. 2024

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

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Occurrence and distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the atmosphere of the Andean city of Medellin, Colombia

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives

Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives

Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives.

Environmental occurrence of industrial endocrine disrupting chemicals

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