Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of organophosphorus flame retardants and their degradation products in water and upper sediment of two urban rivers in Shenzhen, China

An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment

“…A high concentration of TPPO was observed; again, it could be due to its usage in the pharmaceutical and metal industries. That leads to the conclusion that the sampling area has a real meaning in the proper interpretation of results (Liu, Y. et al, 2022).…”

“…The Cl-alkyl subgroup contains e.g. tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (Liu, Y. et al, 2022), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) (Kim, Oh and Kannan, 2017). Non-Cl alkyl compounds include e.g.…”

“…Non-Cl alkyl compounds include e.g. triisopropyl phosphate (TiPrP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), trimethyl phosphate (TMP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TIBP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) (Liu, Y. et al, 2022), tripropyl phosphate (TPrP) (Shi, Y. et al 2016). Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO), tetraphenyl m-phenylene bis(phosphate) (RDP) (Liu, Y. et al, 2022), cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDPP) (Shi, Y. et al, 2016), tris (methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) (Kim, Oh and Kannan, 2017) (Liu, Y. et al, 2022).…”

“…The mean values or concentrations of selected OPFRs and NFBRs in water and sediment collected recently from various locations (Chokwe et al, 2015;Xiong et al, 2016;Carlsson et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2018;Zha et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2021;Liu, Y. et al, 2022) are presented in Table S2. Based on that research, the most frequently detected OPFRs in water are alkyl not containing Cl atoms (e.g.…”