Occurrence of selected surfactants in untreated and treated sewage

Clara, Manfred; Scharf, Sigrid; Scheffknecht, Christoph; Gans, Oliver

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.027

Cited by 229 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Removal by increased adsorption efficiency along with increasing alkyl chain length were observed for BAC homologues in the WWTPs and less hydrophobic BACs such as BAC-10 and 12 were reported to be more prone to biodegradation. 34 Thus, the high abundance of BAC-12 and 14 found in this study could further indicate their more extensive usage in China.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…8 The low proportions of ATMAC 10−14 to total ATMAC concentrations were consistent with previous reports in sediment 13 and biosolids 21 from different regions, which could be explained by the limited usage and lower hydrophobicity. 34 However, as illustrated in SI Table S5, strong correlations (R = 0.340−0.978, p < 0.05) were found between the different ATMACs, which might suggest similar commercial applications or sources.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For instance, BAC-14 and BAC-16 were both more abundant compared to BAC-12 in stream and wastewater as well as river sediment in the U.S., 16,17,19 while BAC-18 made up the vast majority of BAC homologues in Taiwanese river water and sewage effluent, which was interpreted to be derived from the household usage of hair condition products. 14 However, higher levels of the less hydrophobic BAC-12 and 14 homologues were found in surface water, 9,16 sediment, 9,13 and sludge samples 13,34 in Austria. Besides commercial applications, the presence of organic contaminants in sewage sludge could also be influenced by their physical-chemical properties.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Lower abundances of BACs (averaged proportion: 6 ± 14%) compared with ATMACs (averaged proportion: 40 ± 21%) were different from the QAC abundance profiles reported in various environmental compartments. 13,18,34 No statistical correlation was found between grouped WWTP sludge treatment techniques (anaerobic-anoxic-oxic, anoxic/oxic, oxidation ditch, and sequencing batch reactor) and logtransformed concentrations of different QAC analogues (SI Figures S6−S8, Tables S5 and S7, R = 0.309−0.450, p < 0.05), indicating some association between the QAC levels in WWTPs and serving population. 29 As also noted in SI 38 The expected total degradation time for the QAC analytes were all on the order of "weeks"to "weeks to months" levels with the BIOWIN3 scores ranging from 2.28 to 3.02.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Composition of Emerging Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Municipal Sewage Sludge in China

Ruan

Song

Wang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

124

105

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Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have raised considerable attention due to their wide commercial applications and recent discovery of unknown persistent analogues in aqueous environment. In this work, the occurrence and distribution of alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMAC), benzylakyldimethylethylammonium (BAC) and dialkyldimethylammonium (DADMAC) homologues were investigated in fifty-two municipal sewage sludge samples. ATMAC C10−18, BAC C8−18 and paired DADMAC C8:8-C18:18 as well as emerging homologues such as 18:20 were identified for the first time by nontarget qualitative strategies. A triple quadruple mass spectrometer quantification method was also initially verified with the aid of laboratory synthesized standards for the analysis of the mixed DADMACs with no certificated commercial standards currently available. The total concentrations of ATMACs, BACs and DADMACs were in the range of 0.38−293, 0.09−191 and 0.64−344 μg/g dry weight, respectively, and particularly, mixed DADMACs constituted 39 ± 7% of total DADMAC concentrations. The concentrations and profiles of individual homologues further suggested different QAC applications and fate in China. Significant correlations were also found among the concentrations of various QAC homologues as well as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) characteristics (total organic carbon contents and daily treatment volumes). ■ INTRODUCTIONRapid development of analytical methods and increasing public health concerns have improved the assessment and regulatory strategies for screening chemicals with persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic potentials, especially from the high production volume chemical (HPVC) list. 1−5 Surfactants are an economically important class of HPVCs, with wide consumer usages and industrial applications. The transport, fate, and possible adverse effects of some important neutral and anion surfactants, such as nonylphenolethoxylates and relevant metabolites, have been extensively investigated in various environmental compartments. 6,7 However, less attention has been raised on cationic surfactants, although some of these could be environmentally persistent as they result from the amphiphilic and electrostatic interactions with negatively charged surfaces and are potentially toxic to aquatic organisms. 8−12 Here, we focused our research on quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), a class of cationic surfactants that are commonly used as detergents, phase transfer catalysts, fabric softeners, disinfectants as well as preservatives and antielectrostatics in personal care products. 8,13 QACs mainly consist of the alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMACs), benzylalkyldimethylethylammonium (BACs), and dialkyldimethyl-ammonium compounds (DADMACs) as shown in Figure 1. The analysis and ecological risk assessment of QACs in the environment began in the 1980s. QAC residues have been found in surface water, 14 sewage effluent, 15,16 estuarine sediment, 9,13,17−19 sludge, 13,20,21 Received: November 12, 2013

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Identification and Composition of Emerging Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Municipal Sewage Sludge in China

Ruan

Song

Wang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

124

105

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“…It is suggested that surfactants could exert significant effects on the adsorption and release of organic matters and heavy metals (Pan et al, 2009;Song et al, 2008;Tripathi and Brown, 2008;Turner and Xu, 2008). The mechanisms mainly include adsorption competition, complexation reactions, solubilization and electrostatic repulsion (Clara et al, 2007;de Wolf and Feijtel, 1998;Fu et al, 2007;Kloepper-Sams et al, 1996;Lara-Martin et al, 2008;Shalaby, 2007). Considering the widespread use of surfactants and conspicuous toxicity of arsenic, this study investigated the potential effects of surfactants on the behavior of arsenic in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic retention and transport behavior in the presence of typical anionic and nonionic surfactants

Liang

Wang

Peng

2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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The massive production and wide use of surfactants have resulted in a large amount of surfactant residuals being discharged into the environment, which could have an impact on arsenic behavior. In the present study, the influence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and nonionic surfactant polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) on arsenic behavior was investigated in batch and column tests. The presence of SDBS and Triton X-100 reduced arsenic retention onto ferrihydrite (FH), enhanced arsenic transport through FH coated sand (FH-sand) columns and promoted arsenic release from the FH surface. With coexisting surfactants in solution, the equilibrium adsorbed amount of arsenic on FH decreased by up to 29.7% and the adsorption rate decreased by up to 52.3%.Pre-coating with surfactants caused a decrease in the adsorbed amount and adsorption rate of arsenic by up to 15.1% and 58.3%, respectively. Because of the adsorption attenuation caused by surfactants, breakthrough of As(V) and As(III) with SDBS in columns packed with FH-sand was 23.8% and 14.3% faster than that in those without SDBS, respectively. In columns packed with SDBS-coated FH-sand, transport of arsenic was enhanced to a greater extent.Breakthrough of As(V) and As(III) was 52.4% and 43.8% faster and the cumulative retention amount was 44.5% and 57.3% less than that in pure FH-sand column systems, respectively.Mobilization of arsenic by surfactants increased with the increase of the initial adsorbed amount of arsenic. The cumulative release amount of As(V) and As(III) from the packed column reached 10.8% and 36.0%, respectively.

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Role of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment

Tezel

Pavlostathis

2011

Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment

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Occurrence of selected surfactants in untreated and treated sewage

Cited by 229 publications

References 23 publications

Identification and Composition of Emerging Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Municipal Sewage Sludge in China

Identification and Composition of Emerging Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Municipal Sewage Sludge in China

Arsenic retention and transport behavior in the presence of typical anionic and nonionic surfactants

Role of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment

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