Occurrence, profile and spatial distribution of organochlorines pesticides in soil of Nepal: Implication for source apportionment and health risk assessment

Yadav, Ishwar Chandra; Devi, Ningombam Linthoingambi; Li, Jun; Zhang, Gan; Shakya, Pawan Raj

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.133

Cited by 80 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Although Nepal banned most OCPs in 2001, the indiscriminate use of these chemicals in farmlands is common (Yadav et al, 2017). To date, although some studies have reported the concentrations of POPs in water, soils, and sediments from Nepal (Aichner et al, 2007;Yadav et al, 2016), detailed analyses regarding the sources of POPs in the urban (populated) regions of Nepal are lacking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The study of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in low-latitude tropical and subtropical urban cities is necessary to assess their local and global impacts on ecosystems and human health. Despite studies on levels of POPs in water, soils, and sediments, analysis of the distribution patterns, seasonality, and sources of POPs in urban regions of Nepal remain limited. Polyurethane foam (PUF)-based passive air samplers were deployed in three major cities in Nepal: Kathmandu (the capital city), Pokhara, and Hetauda (agricultural cities). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were the dominant organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere at all sites. The average concentrations of POPs were DDTs, 8.7-1.0 × 10 3 pg m −3 ; HCHs, 5.3-3.3 × 10 3 pg m −3 ; HCB, 5.8-3.4 × 10 2 pg m −3 ; endosulfan, BDL-51 pg m −3 ; and 6 PCBs, 1.4-47 pg m −3 . Isomer and metabolite ratio analyses suggested that the concentrations present were from both new and historical applications of the POPs. Vegetable production sites and their market places appeared to be the major DDT and HCH source areas. Higher atmospheric concentrations of DDT and HCH occurred during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, and winter, respectively, closely associated with their local application for soil preparation and vegetable spraying. The estimated travel distances of the POPs (HCB, α-HCH, γ -HCH, and p, p -DDT) under the Nepalese tropical climate were all above 1000 km, suggesting that high precipitation levels in the tropical climate were not enough to scavenge the POPs and that Nepal could be an important source region for POPs. Due to their close proximity and cold trapping (driven by low temperatures), the high Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau are likely the key receptors of POPs emitted in Nepal. These results add to the information available on POPs from tropical developing countries.

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confidence: 99%

Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential

et al. 2018

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“…The largest value reported is 2.179 mg/kg = 2179 ng/g for DDT and metabolites of DDT [293]. Most values for DDT and its metabolites are greater than 0.1 ng/g and smaller than 100 ng/g [293]. The values reported by Zhang et al for China are in a similar range [294].…”

Section: Soils Contaminated With Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A range of values is reported for data from China, India, Mexico, Uganda, Kenya, Pakistan, Central Europe, and Nepal for DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane, and endosulfans [293]. The largest value reported is 2.179 mg/kg = 2179 ng/g for DDT and metabolites of DDT [293]. Most values for DDT and its metabolites are greater than 0.1 ng/g and smaller than 100 ng/g [293].…”

Section: Soils Contaminated With Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yadav et al have reviewed the literature on organochlorine pesticides in soil and reported values for 4 cities in Nepal [293]. A range of values is reported for data from China, India, Mexico, Uganda, Kenya, Pakistan, Central Europe, and Nepal for DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane, and endosulfans [293]. The largest value reported is 2.179 mg/kg = 2179 ng/g for DDT and metabolites of DDT [293].…”

Section: Soils Contaminated With Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soil

et al. 2020

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Management and destruction of obsolete pesticides and the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil are significant global issues with importance in agriculture, environmental health and quality of life. Pesticide use and management have a history of problems because of insufficient knowledge of proper planning, storage, and use. This manuscript reviews recent literature with an emphasis on the management of obsolete pesticides and remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil. The rhizosphere of plants is a zone of active remediation. Plants also take up contaminated water and remove pesticides from soil. The beneficial effects of growing plants in pesticide-contaminated soil include pesticide transformation by both plant and microbial enzymes. This review addresses recent advances in the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil with an emphasis on processes that are simple and can be applied widely in any country.

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“…Pesticide razdelimo na šest skupin: fungicide (kaptan, benomil, triadimefon, folpet, mankozeb), insekticide (DDT, metidation, metomil, lindan, heptaklor), herbicide (atrazin, alaklor, simazin, propazin, metolaklor, terbutilazin), akaricide (dikofol, propargit, klorfentazin), rodenticide (endrin, varfarin, cinkfosfid) in limacide (metaldehid, metiokarb) (Yadav & Devi, 2017).…”

Section: Uvodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurence of pesticides in Dravsko polje aquifer

Koroša¹,

Mali²

2019

Geologija

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V članku predstavljamo rezultate raziskave pojavnosti in koncentracij pesticidov v podzemni vodi Dravskega polja v obdobju 2013-2015. Na podlagi rezultatov smo ocenili prostorsko razširjenost pesticidov v podzemni vodi in jo povezali z rabo prostora. V obdobju dveh let smo odvzeli 76 vzorcev podzemne vode na 19 različnih lokacijah. V podzemni vodi smo določili 15 pesticidov z njihovimi metaboliti. Najpogosteje določen pesticid v podzemni vodi je še vedno atrazin in njegov razgradni produkt desetilatrazin. Sledijo mu metolaklor, terbutilazin in njegov razgradni produkt desetilterbutilazin. Pesticidi alaklor, dimetenamid, metazaklor in terbutrin niso bili določeni. Analiza zaznanih pesticidov z rabo prostora kaže na višje vrednosti na območjih z intenzivno kmetijsko dejavnostjo. V severnem delu Dravskega polja, južnem robu mesta Maribor, so koncentracije pesticidov manjše, povišane vrednosti pesticidov pa se pojavljajo v južnem delu Dravskega polja, kar sovpada tudi z intenzivnejšo kmetijsko rabo tal na tem območju. Z vrednotenjem razmerij med razgradnim produktom in primarnim pesticidom iz naslova atrazina in terbutilazina (DAR in DTA/TBA) smo ocenili »starosti« onesnaženja. Presenetljiva je visoka pojavnost atrazina, ki je lahko posledica starih bremen, počasne razgradnje in hidrogeoloških pogojev ali pa uporabe atrazina po uveljavitvi prepovedi uporabe.

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Occurrence, profile and spatial distribution of organochlorines pesticides in soil of Nepal: Implication for source apportionment and health risk assessment

Cited by 80 publications

References 47 publications

Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential

Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential

Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soil

Occurence of pesticides in Dravsko polje aquifer

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