Occurrence, serotypes and biotypes of thermophilic Campylobacters isolated in Vienna

Hirschl, Alexander M.; Lior, H.; Wolf, D.; Stanek, Gerold; Rotter, M.; Wende, Linda; Flamm, H

doi:10.1016/s0176-6724(87)80023-8

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The nine common phage types (3,5,10,11,18,19,23,6 and 44) observed among humans were also observed among non-human isolates. The most common phage type 11 was found among humans, bovines, poultry and swine, whereas phage type 23, seen in humans, was found only among bovine isolates.…”

Section: Phage Types Of C Jejuni and C Coli From Various Countriesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…This has emphasized the need for differentiation for epidemiological purposes of outbreak isolates and determination of the possible role that non-human sources play in human infections. Serotyping [3] and biotyping schemes [4] are now well established and used by various investigators to study the epidemiology of campylobacter enteritis [5][6][7]. Grajewski and eolleagues [8] reported a phage-typing scheme designed to provide epidemiological markers for campylobacter strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extended phage-typing scheme forCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coli

Khakhria

Lior

1992

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe extended phage-typing scheme described for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli has established 46 different phage types using 19 typing phages. Altogether 754 campylobacter isolates, 672 C. jejuni and 82 C. coli, isolated from human and non-human sources received from 17 different countries were phagetyped. Overall, 80 6 % of the total isolates were typable. Among typable strains, 9 phage types (3, 5, 10, 11, 18, 19, 23, 26 and 44) represented 57-0 % of the strains, 21P3 % of the strains belonged to another 37 phage types and the remaining 2f3 % of isolates were designated atypical. The most common phage type 11 (140/754) was frequently observed among C. jejuni isolates from human (113/561) and nonhuman sources (18/ 111), whereas type 44 was frequent among C. coli isolates from human (22/59) and from non-human sources (8/23). A study of the animal hostassociations of common phage types showed that contaminated cattle and poultry appear to be the most common sources of human infection. The greatest variety of phage types was observed in Canada (24 phage types), followed by Portugal (17 types) and the UK (14 types), reflecting the larger sample sizes from these countries. Phage type 11 was encountered in 12 different countries and prevalence of other phage types varied from one country to another. The number of isolates typable with the scheme varied from 93-2 % (261/280) in Canada to 61 % (47/77) in Thailand. However, the number and diversity of phage types makes phage typing the method of ehoice in epidemiological studies of campylobacter infections.

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Section: Phage Types Of C Jejuni and C Coli From Various Countriesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended phage-typing scheme forCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coli

Khakhria

Lior

1992

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…• references cited in these papers. Brewster and Greenwood Adegbola et al (1994); Adkins et al (1987); Aggarwal et al (1983); Ansari (1993); Dean and Jones (1972);; Armah et al (1994); Beards and Graham (1995); Bockemuhl Hoge et al (1996); Jin et al (1976); Callejas et al (1999); Chakravarti et al (1992); Chan et al (1998);; Ling and Cheng (1993); ; ; Cunliffe et al (1998); da Rosa e Merlin et al (1986);Parashar Silva et al (2001); Douglas and Kurien (1997); Fujita et al (1999); Pinfold et al (1991);; Henry and Bartholomew (1990); Hirschl et al (1987); Ijaz et al Robins-Browne (1984);…”

Section: Thermal Extremesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter Global climate change

Eccleston¹,

March²

2010

Global Environmental Policy

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Accumulating evidence suggests that the global climate (i.e. conditions measured over 30 years or longer) is now changing as a result of human activities-most importantly, those which cause the release of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels. The most recent report (2001) from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that the global average land and sea surface temperature has increased by 0.6 ± 0.2 ∞C since the mid-19th century, with most change occurring since 1976. Patterns of precipitation have also changed: arid and semiarid regions are becoming drier, while other areas, especially mid-to-high latitudes, are becoming wetter. Where precipitation has increased, there has been a disproportionate increase in the frequency of the heaviest precipitation events. Based on a range of alternative development scenarios and model parameterizations, the IPCC concluded that if no specific actions were taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, global temperatures would be likely to rise between 1.4 and 5.8 ∞C from 1990 to 2100. Predictions for precipitation and wind speed were less consistent, but also suggested significant changes. Risks to human health from climate change would arise through a variety of mechanisms. In this chapter, we have used existing or new models that describe observed relationships between climate variations, either over short time periods or between locations, and a series of health outcomes. These climate-health relationships were linked to alternative projections of climate change, related to unmitigated future emissions of greenhouse gases, and two alternative scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions. Average climate conditions during the period 1961-1990 were used as a baseline, as anthropogenic effects on climate are considered more significant after this period. The resulting models give estimates of the likely future effects of climate change on exposures to thermal extremes and weather disasters (deaths and injuries associated with

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