Occurrence, spatial distribution, historical trend and ecological risk of phthalate esters in the Jiulong River, Southeast China

Li, Rongli; Liang, Jing; Gong, Zhengliang; Zhang, Ningning; Duan, Hualing

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.190

Cited by 168 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Among individual PAEs, the mean value of DEHP was approximately 2-fold higher than the European Union environmental quality standards of 1.3 µg/L (DEHP), for the protection of the aquatic organism [ 6 ]. The order of PAEs abundance in the canal was found as DEHP > DiNP > DBP, which is consistent with [ 20 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…When the values of RQ > 1, high risk is expected, while values of 0.01 < RQ <1 indicate medium risks and values of RQ < 0.01 indicates a low risk [ 21 , 22 ]. The RQ method has already been applied in several studies dealing with the evaluation of the ecological risk of PAEs in water samples [ 20 , 22 ]. Table S1 shows the values used in the RQ calculation of the three PAEs congeners (DBP, DEHP, and DiNP) detected in the water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk assessment involves assessing the risk to be encountered by sensitive organisms upon exposure to environmental concentrations of PAEs. The risk quotient (RQ) approach has been used to obtain deterministic ecological risk estimates of PAEs in water to sensitive aquatic biota, including algae, crustacean, and fish [ 13 , 15 , 20 ]. RQ for water is estimated by using the concentration of the individual PAEs and its critical toxicological endpoint for the test organism [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence, Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Phthalate Esters in Surface Water of U-Tapao Canal, Southern, Thailand

Okpara

Witthayawirasak

2020

Toxics

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Phthalate esters (PAEs) are well known for their environmental contamination and endocrine-disrupting effects on wildlife and humans. In this study, the occurrence of PAEs and ecotoxicological risk assessments were performed in one of the significant canals in southern Thailand, named U-Tapao. Water samples were collected and analyzed for the six most common PAEs by using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Of the 6 PAEs analyzed, only three PAEs, including di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) were detected in water samples. The total concentration of PAEs ranged from 1.44 to 12.08 µg/L, with a mean level of 4.76 µg/L. The total average concentration of PAEs found in the canal was higher than the criteria of 3 µg/L for PAEs recommended for the protection of fish and other aquatic organisms by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The results of the potential ecological risk assessment of the risk quotient (RQ) method revealed that DEHP and DiNP posed a high risk to algae and crustacean and crustacean and fish, respectively, whereas DBP posed a medium risk to the different aquatic species. However, current levels of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks via ingestion and dermal exposure in children and adults are within acceptable limits. The baseline data of PAEs in this canal will be beneficial to the strategic and future pollutant control along the canal network.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occurrence, Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Phthalate Esters in Surface Water of U-Tapao Canal, Southern, Thailand

Okpara

Witthayawirasak

2020

Toxics

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“…DEHP, with its hydrophobic nature, is strongly adsorbed on the surface of suspended particles in aquatic environments. DEHP-binding particles deposit at the bottom of an aquatic environment and eventually accumulate in the sediments [ 15 , 16 ]. It is well-known that the sediment acts as a sink that stores the pollutants away from the surrounding matrix, and it could also be a source of pollutants through a re-suspension effect that brings threats to aquatic organisms [ 10 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Urban River Sediments

Chen

Lim

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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This study investigated the spatial distribution of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and its potential biological effects, in the surface sediments that were collected from 10 sites at the Love River during dry and wet seasons. The grain size and organic matter were measured to understand the key factors that affect the distribution of DEHP concentrations in the sediments of Love River. The mean DEHP concentrations in the sediments that were collected during the wet and dry seasons were 28.6 ± 19.5 and 17.8 ± 11.6 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The highest DEHP concentration was observed in the sediments that were sampled in the vicinity of the estuary. The correlation analysis showed that the grain size and organic matter may play a key role in the DEHP distribution in the sediments during the dry season, whereas the DEHP concentrations in the wet season may be mainly affected by other environmental and hydrological conditions. By a comparison with the sediment quality guidelines, the levels of DEHP in the sediments of Love River were found to have the potential to result in an adverse effect on aquatic benthic organisms. Specifically, during the wet season, wastewater from upstream of Love River is flushed downstream, causing a higher DEHP concentration in the sediments. Future pollution prevention and management objectives should move towards reducing the discharge of upstream wastewater and establishing a complete sewer system to reduce DEHP pollution in the environment.

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“…Moreover, Sun and co-workers [14] have observed the induced developmental toxicology and dysfunction of developing hearts in Zebrafish embryos by BBP at oral concentrations of 0.6 and 1.2 mg/L. Li and co-workers [15] have reported that for aquatic organisms of Jiulong River in China, DEHP poses a high risk (risk quotient (RQ) > 1) at concentrations exceeding 0.62 µg/L, while DBP warrants a medium risk (0.01 < RQ < 1) with concentrations between 0.03-1.77 µg/L [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Watercourses in Peril: Implications of Phthalic Acid Esters on Aquatic Ecosystems Caused by Urban Sprawl

Jayaweera

Danushika

Bandara

et al. 2019

Water

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Urban sprawl worldwide warrants the use of large quantities of industrial and household products containing phthalic acid esters (PAEs) resulting in adverse impacts on the quality of aquatic life in urban watercourses. The presence of six PAEs (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di(n-octyl) phthalate (DnOP)) in 22 shallow urban watercourses in Colombo and suburbs of Sri Lanka was investigated. The average concentrations of DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP in all watercourses varied between 2.5–265.0, 1.0–32.0, 61–108, and 12–165 µg/L, respectively. DMP and DnOP were below the limits of quantification (DMP-0.5 µg/L, DnOP-1.0 µg/L) for all watercourses. DEHP was the most abundant PAE in many watercourses. The significant factors affecting the ubiquitous presence of PAEs in watercourses are the inherent properties of each PAE, presence of industrial and household products with great potential for the migration of PAEs in the sub-catchments, and quality of the receiving water. The contamination levels of PAEs in most of the watercourses are alarmingly high, as evidenced by higher concentrations of DEHP and DBP than those of Canadian permissible levels for the protection of aquatic life (16 and 19 µg/L). This study was the first effort in Sri Lanka to investigate the presence of PAEs in urban watercourses.

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Occurrence, spatial distribution, historical trend and ecological risk of phthalate esters in the Jiulong River, Southeast China

Cited by 168 publications

References 46 publications

Occurrence, Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Phthalate Esters in Surface Water of U-Tapao Canal, Southern, Thailand

Occurrence, Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Phthalate Esters in Surface Water of U-Tapao Canal, Southern, Thailand

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Urban River Sediments

Urban Watercourses in Peril: Implications of Phthalic Acid Esters on Aquatic Ecosystems Caused by Urban Sprawl

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