Ocean acidification along the Gulf Coast and East Coast of the USA

Wanninkhof, Rik; Barbero, Leticia; Byrne, Robert H.; Cai, Wei; Huang, Wei‐Jen; Zhang, Jiazhong; Baringer, Molly O’Neil; Langdon, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2015.02.008

Cited by 106 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Data from the Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon Cruises of July 2007 and July 2012 (GOMECC‐1 and GOMECC‐2) [ Wang et al ., ; Wanninkhof et al ., ] suggest that complex TA‐ S patterns in the MARS‐influenced area can be attributed to TA inputs from multiple riverine sources. Uniformly high TA and salinity on the West Florida Shelf, in contrast, indicates a lack of riverine input and the existence of a high‐TA, high‐ S boundary current.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Subannual variability of total alkalinity distributions in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico

2015

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The subannual variability of total alkalinity (TA) distributions in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico was examined through the use of TA data from ship‐based water sampling, historical records of riverine TA, and contemporaneous model output of surface currents and salinity. TA variability was restricted to the upper 150 m of the water column, where relationships between salinity and TA were controlled primarily by subannual variations in the extent of mixing between seawater and river water. A transition in TA distribution patterns between the river‐dominated northern margin (near the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River System) and the ocean current‐dominated eastern margin (West Florida Shelf) was observed. An index for riverine alkalinity input was formulated to provide insights about riverine alkalinity contributions in the upper water column. Spatial and temporal variations of total alkalinity in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico are primarily controlled by riverine TA inputs and ocean currents.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Subannual variability of total alkalinity distributions in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico

2015

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“…GOMECC data include all stations in the GoME [ Wang et al . ; Wanninkhof et al ., ]. (a) DIC‐salinity distribution; (b) TA‐salinity distribution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal controls of aragonite saturation states in the Gulf of Maine

et al. 2017

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The Gulf of Maine (GoME) is a shelf region especially vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA) due to natural conditions of low pH and aragonite saturation states (Ω‐Ar). This study is the first to assess the major oceanic processes controlling seasonal variability of the carbonate system and its linkages with pteropod abundance in Wilkinson Basin in the GoME. Two years of seasonal sampling cruises suggest that water‐column carbonate chemistry in the region undergoes a seasonal cycle, wherein the annual cycle of stratification‐overturn, primary production, respiration‐remineralization and mixing all play important roles, at distinct spatiotemporal scales. Surface production was tightly coupled with remineralization in the benthic nepheloid layer during high production seasons, which results in occasional aragonite undersaturation. From spring to summer, carbonate chemistry in the surface across Wilkinson Basin reflects a transition from a production‐respiration balanced system to a net autotropic system. Mean water‐column Ω‐Ar and abundance of large thecosomatous pteropods show some correlation, although patchiness and discrete cohort reproductive success likely also influence their abundance. Overall, photosynthesis‐respiration is the primary driving force controlling Ω‐Ar variability during the spring‐to‐summer transition as well as over the seasonal cycle. However, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution appears to occur near bottom in fall and winter when bottom water Ω‐Ar is generally low but slightly above 1. This is accompanied by a decrease in pteropod abundance that is consistent with previous CaCO3 flux trap measurements. The region might experience persistent subsurface aragonite undersaturation in 30–40 years under continued ocean acidification.

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“…Spectrophotometric pH measurements were performed at 25°C, and discrete fCO 2 measurements were performed at 20°C. The accuracies and precisions of the CO 2 system measurements made during the GOMECC-2 cruise are described in Wanninkhof et al (2015), and those made during the WCOA2011 cruise can be accessed via the following link: http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/oceanacidification/ data/0123467.xml. All comparisons of calculated saturation states (Ω) were made at the measured in situ pressures and temperatures.…”

Section: Co 2 System Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%