Ocean acidification increases domoic acid contents during a spring to summer succession of coastal phytoplankton

Wohlrab, Sylke; John, Uwe; Klemm, Kerstin; Eberlein, Tim; Grivogiannis, Anna Maria Forsberg; Krock, Bernd; Frickenhaus, Stephan; Bach, Lennart T.; Rost, Björn; Riebesell, Ulf; Waal, Dedmer B. Van de

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2019.101697

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In the present work, water temperature increased by 4.2 • C from 21.9 ± 0.1 • C at the beginning to 26.1 ± 0.1 • C at the end of the experiment (Figure 1A). Notably, the competitive capacity of dinoflagellates might become lower in the mesocosms relative to the bay, resulting from low abundance and diversity of dinoflagellates in the bay when the mesocosm experiment was initiated, and from suboptimal growth conditions for dinoflagellates in the mesocosms such as aeration disturbance (Lin et al, 2012;Wohlrab et al, 2020). We also noted that the composition of diatoms changed, with larger cells tending to account for higher proportion (Figure 6, Olenina, 2006;Bach et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Elevated pCO2 Impedes Succession of Phytoplankton Community From Diatoms to Dinoflagellates Along With Increased Abundance of Viruses and Bacteria

et al. 2021

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Eutrophic coastal regions are highly productive and greatly influenced by human activities. Primary production supporting the coastal ecosystems is supposed to be affected by progressive ocean acidification driven by increasing CO2 emissions. In order to investigate the effects of high pCO2 (HC) on eutrophic plankton community structure and ecological functions, we employed 9 mesocosms and carried out an experiment under ambient (∼410 ppmv) and future high (1000 ppmv) atmospheric pCO2 conditions, using in situ plankton community in Wuyuan Bay, East China Sea. Our results showed that HC along with natural seawater temperature rise significantly boosted biomass of diatoms with decreased abundance of dinoflagellates in the late stage of the experiment, demonstrating that HC repressed the succession from diatoms to dinoflagellates, a phenomenon observed during algal blooms in the East China Sea. HC did not significantly influence the primary production or biogenic silica contents of the phytoplankton assemblages. However, the HC treatments increased the abundance of viruses and heterotrophic bacteria, reflecting a refueling of nutrients for phytoplankton growth from virus-mediated cell lysis and bacterial degradation of organic matters. Conclusively, our results suggest that increasing CO2 concentrations can modulate plankton structure including the succession of phytoplankton community and the abundance of viruses and bacteria in eutrophic coastal waters, which may lead to altered biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Elevated pCO2 Impedes Succession of Phytoplankton Community From Diatoms to Dinoflagellates Along With Increased Abundance of Viruses and Bacteria

et al. 2021

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“…Over the longer term, decreased pH will lower Fe’ uptake rates by ISIP2A, the predominant diatom iron-uptake mechanism, by reducing the availability of the carbonate binding cofactor (70). This trend towards increasing acidification is predicted to intensify iron limitation, and since DA production is correlated with iron limitation and acidification, future world oceans may bear witness to heightened DA (62, 71).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Forecasting of Domoic Acid during a Pervasive Toxic Diatom Bloom

Brunson,

Thukral,

Ryan

et al. 2023

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In 2015, the largest recorded harmful algal bloom (HAB) occurred in the Northeast Pacific, causing nearly 100 million dollars in damages to fisheries and killing many protected marine mammals. Dominated by the toxic diatomPseudo-nitzschia australis, this bloom produced high levels of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). Through molecular and transcriptional characterization of 52 near-weekly phytoplankton net-tow samples collected at a bloom hotspot in Monterey Bay, California, we identified active transcription of known DA biosynthesis (dab) genes from the three identified toxigenic species, includingP. australisas the primary origin of toxicity. Elevated expression of silicon transporters (sit1) during the bloom supports the previously hypothesized role of dissolved silica (Si) exhaustion in contributing to bloom physiology and toxicity. We find that co-expression of thedabAandsit1genes serves as a robust predictor of DA one week in advance, potentially enabling the forecasting of DA-producing HABs. We additionally present evidence that low levels of iron could have co-limited the diatom population along with low Si. Iron limitation represents a previously unrecognized driver of both toxin production and ecological success of the low iron adaptedPseudo-nitzschiagenus during the 2015 bloom, and increasing pervasiveness of iron limitation may fuel the escalating magnitude and frequency of toxicPseudo-nitzschiablooms globally. Our results advance understanding of bloom physiology underlying toxin production, bloom prediction, and the impact of global change on toxic blooms.SignificancePseudo-nitzschiadiatoms form oceanic harmful algal blooms that threaten human health through production of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). DA biosynthetic gene expression is hypothesized to control DA production in the environment, yet what regulates expression of these genes is yet to be discovered. In this study, we uncovered expression of DA biosynthesis genes by multiple toxigenicPseudo-nitzschiaspecies during an economically impactful bloom along the North American West Coast, and identified genes that predict DA in advance of its production. We discovered that iron and silica co-limitation restrained the bloom and likely promoted toxin production. This work suggests that increasing iron limitation due to global change may play a previously unrecognized role in driving bloom frequency and toxicity.

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“…2) support these findings, as silicate and phosphate were depleted at the time around the DA peak. Ammonium was still available at a relatively high concentration, not following a downwards trend like the other nutrients and possibly providing nitrogen for DA-production (Wohlrab et al, 2019). Nitrite was only present in very little densities throughout the study and nitrate was also depleted along silicate and phosphate.…”

Section: Overall Contribution Of Hab Species Otusmentioning

confidence: 92%

Seasonal plankton succession is in accordance with phycotoxin occurrence in Disko Bay, West Greenland

et al. 2021

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are occurring more frequently in the world's oceans, probably as a consequence of climate change. HABs have not been considered a serious concern in the Arctic, even though the Arctic warms faster than any other region. While phycotoxins and toxin-producing phytoplankton have been found in Arctic waters on several occasions, there is a lack of information on seasonal succession of species and whether the occurrence of harmful species correlates with the presence of their respective phycotoxins. Hence, there is no baseline to assess future changes of HABs in this area. Here, we investigated two periods, from winter to spring and from the spring bloom until summer, in Disko Bay, West Greenland and followed the succession of toxins and their producers using metabarcoding, as well as analyses of particulate and dissolved toxins. We observed a typical seasonal succession with a spring bloom dominated by diatoms, followed by dinoflagellates in summer, with the two most important potentially toxic taxa found being Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Alexandrium ostenfeldii. The Pseudo-nitzschia spp. peak correlated with a clear increase in particulate domoic acid, reaching 0.05 pg/L. Presence of Alexandrium ostenfeldii could be linked to an increase in spirolides, up to 56.4 pg/L in the particulate phase. Generally, the majority of detected dissolved toxins followed the succession pattern of the particulate toxins with a delay in time. Our results further show that Arctic waters are a suitable habitat for various toxin producers and that the strong seasonality of this environment is reflected by changing abundances of different toxins that pose a potential threat to the ecosystem and its beneficiaries.

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Ocean acidification increases domoic acid contents during a spring to summer succession of coastal phytoplankton

Cited by 15 publications

References 67 publications

Elevated pCO2 Impedes Succession of Phytoplankton Community From Diatoms to Dinoflagellates Along With Increased Abundance of Viruses and Bacteria

Elevated pCO2 Impedes Succession of Phytoplankton Community From Diatoms to Dinoflagellates Along With Increased Abundance of Viruses and Bacteria

Molecular Forecasting of Domoic Acid during a Pervasive Toxic Diatom Bloom

Seasonal plankton succession is in accordance with phycotoxin occurrence in Disko Bay, West Greenland

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