Ocular abnormalities in morbid obesity

Teberik, Kuddusi; Eski, Mehmet Tahir; Doğan, Sami; Pehlivan, Mevlüt; Kaya, Murat

doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20190007

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the ophthalmological evaluation, significantly greater values of intraocular pressure were found in obese in both eyes, corroborating a finding already described in other studies in the literature [9] [10]. The increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in obese does not yet have a well-described pathophysiological mechanism, which may be related to hyperleptinemia present in obesity, which can trigger oxidative damage to the trabecular mesh, or else to the increase in orbital fat and blood viscosity, which increase episcleral venous pressure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Obese Foveal Avascular Zone Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Retina: Is There a Relation to Comorbities?

Asfora¹,

Nehemy²,

Gadelha³

et al. 2021

OJOph

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Purpose: To investigate the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in obese by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and to evaluate the findings of structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and their relations with comorbidities. Methods: It was included 35 obese (study group) and 30 normal individuals (control group). Patients with retinal diseases and retinal treatments were excluded. The images were obtained using the Topcon ® . Results: The mean areas of FAZ in superficial plexus (FAZ-SP) and deep plexus (FAZ-DP) were significantly greater in the study group: FAZ-SP was 405.0 ± 136.4 µm 2 in the obese group and 307.3 ± 78.6 µm 2 in the control group and in the left eye (LE) 477.1 ± 124.4 µm 2 in the obese group and 384.0 ± 88.7 µm 2 in the control group. This difference was statistically significant (RE: p = 0.0014 and LE: p = 0.0012). The mean area of the FAZ-DP was 491.0 ± 124.4 µm 2 (Right eye-RE) in the obese group and 384.4 ± 88.7 µm 2 in the control group and in the left eye (LE) was 497.9 ± 124.1 µm 2 in the obese group and 484.9 ± 92.7 µm 2 in the control group. There were no correlations regarding FAZ-SP and FAZ-DP in both eyes with fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and fractions and triglycerides. A significant association between enlargement of FAZ-DP and type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0160) was observed. Conclusion: The FAZ areas in superficial and deep plexus achieved significantly greater values in the study group. There was a significant association between a larger deep FAZ area and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is necessary an evaluation with a larger sample size to corroborate the findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Obese Foveal Avascular Zone Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Retina: Is There a Relation to Comorbities?

Asfora¹,

Nehemy²,

Gadelha³

et al. 2021

OJOph

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“…Of the 19 included studies in this meta-analysis, 5 measured macular thickness [ 9 , 20 , 26 – 28 ], 3 measured GC-IPL layer thickness [ 10 , 29 , 30 ], 5 measured RNFL thickness [ 12 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 ], and 7 studies measured peripapillary RNFL thickness [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 ], 5 measured cup to disc ratio [ 26 – 28 , 30 , 31 ], and 12 measured choroidal thickness [ 9 , 14 , 20 , 25 – 28 , 32 – 36 ]. All the studies reported their data as mean (SD), except one that reported some of the measurements in median (min-max) [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the studies were cross-sectional or case-control. Nine studies matched the obesity and control groups in terms of age [ 9 , 11 , 27 – 30 , 32 , 34 , 35 ], and 8 others matched their sex [ 9 , 27 – 30 , 32 , 34 , 35 ]. Nine studies analyzed a single eye of the subjects [ 9 , 14 , 20 , 28 – 30 , 32 – 34 ], 6 investigated both eyes [ 10 , 12 , 13 , 25 , 26 , 35 ], 2 studies used a mixed approach (both single eyes and both eyes) [ 11 , 31 ], and 2 others did not state it clearly [ 27 , 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral-domain OCT measurements in obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2022

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Background Previous studies proposed possible applications of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements in prognosticating pathologies observed in overweight/obesity, including ocular, vascular, and neurologic consequences. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the changes in the in SD-OCT measurements of the patients with higher body mass index (BMI) compared to normal weight individuals. Materials and methods We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The search results underwent two-phase title/abstract and full-text screenings. We then analyzed SD-OCT measurements differences in patients with high BMI and controls, and performed meta-regression, sub-group analysis, quality assessment, and publication bias assessment. The measurements included macular thickness, cup to disc ratio, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) and its sub-sectors, RNFL and peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) and their sub-layers, and choroidal thickness and its sub-sectors. Results 19 studies were included in this meta-analysis accounting for 1813 individuals, 989 cases and 824 controls. There was an overall trend towards decreased thickness in high BMI patients, but only two measurements reached statistical significance: temporal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) (Standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.53 to -0.14, p<0.01) and the choroidal region 1.0 mm nasal to fovea (SMD: -0.38, 95% CI: -0.60 to -0.16, p<0.01). Conclusion Some ocular layers are thinner in patients with higher BMI than the controls. These SD-OCT measurements might correlate with adverse events related to increased body weight and have prognostic abilities. As SD-OCT is a robust, rapid and non-invasive tool, future guidelines and studies are needed to evaluate the possibility of their integration into care of the patients with obesity.

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“…However, CCT did not differ between healthy and the morbid obese participants (p>0.05). The number of participants consisted of 101 morbid obese volunteers (body mass index [BMI] ≥40) and 95 healthy individuals (BMI: 18.50-24.99) (23). In our study, CCT values measured by ultrasound pachymetry tended to increase in obese children and significantly difference was found compared to the control group in Turkish cohort for children obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Evaluation of the Relationships Between Obesity and Central Retinal Thickness, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, Intraocular Pressure, and Central Corneal Thickness in Children

Olcaysu¹,

Karasu²,

Olcaysu³

et al. 2022

Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi

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Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of childhood obesity on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), retinal thickness, central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure. Method:Children with obesity (n:24) (Group 1; n:48 eyes) and healthy children (n:23) (Group 2; n:46 eyes) were included in the study. Average RNFL thickness, central 1 mm diameter of foveal thickness (CFT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured using the fourier domain -optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using contact ultrasonic pachymetry and intraocular pressure (IOP) using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Results:The mean IOP in Group 1 was found to be significantly higher (p=0.002) and 16.1 ± 3.1 mmHg in group 1 and 13.6 ± 3.2 mmHg in group 2, respectively. Mean RNFL, CFT and SFCT significantly were lower in group 1 (p < 0.05) than group 2. The average RNFL was detected to 107.9 ± 10.5 µm in group 1 and 112.6±11.8 µm in group 2, respectively (p=0.001). Mean CFT was found to be 231.6±14.4 µm in group 1 and 245.9±19.98 µm in group 2, respectively (p=0.001). The average SFCT was observed to 193.3±15.3 µm in group 1 and 221 ± 25.1 µm in group 2, respectively (p<0.001). Although CCT was relatively higher in group 1, no statistically significant difference was observed among the groups (p=0.08). There was a positive correlation between the presence of obesity and mean IOP measurements (r = 0.847, p = 0.011), and besides a negative correlation was detected between mean RNFL thickness and mean weight of the patients (r = -0.749, p = 0.039). Conclusion:In current study, it should be kept in mind that elevated IOP and decrement of RNFL thickness in children with obesity increased the risk of developing glaucoma, as well as decreased CFT and SFCT may form the basis for the development of macular diseases in future.

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Ocular abnormalities in morbid obesity

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Obese Foveal Avascular Zone Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Retina: Is There a Relation to Comorbities?

Obese Foveal Avascular Zone Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Retina: Is There a Relation to Comorbities?

Spectral-domain OCT measurements in obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Evaluation of the Relationships Between Obesity and Central Retinal Thickness, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, Intraocular Pressure, and Central Corneal Thickness in Children

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