Ocular fundus changes and association with systemic conditions in systemic lupus erythematosus
Lihui Meng,
Yinhan Wang,
Zhikun Yang
et al.
Abstract:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and systems. Ocular involvement is estimated to manifest in one-third of individuals with SLE, of which lupus retinopathy and choroidopathy represent the severe subtype accompanied by vision impairment. Advancements in multimodal ophthalmic imaging have allowed ophthalmologists to reveal subclinical microvascular and structural changes in fundus of patients with SLE without ocular manifestations. Both ocular manifestations… Show more
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