Ocular melanosis in the Cairn Terrier: histopathological description of the condition, and immunohistological and ultrastructural characterization of the characteristic pigment‐laden cells

Petersen‐Jones, Simon M.; Mentzer, Anita; Dubielzig, Richard R.; Render, James A.; Steficek, Barbara A.; Kiupel, Matti

doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00640.x

Cited by 24 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…12,21 In veterinary pathology, however, HMB45 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been applied only rarely, and its use on canine tissues requires an elaborate antigen unmasking technique. 14,17,19 More recently, a number of novel mAbs that recognize formalin-resistant melanocytic differentiation antigens have become available in human and veterinarypathology, including Melan A/MART 1 (clone A103/M2-7C10), anti-tyrosinase (T311), and microphthalmia transcription factor (D5). 4,6,7,9 Melan A/MART 1 is one of the most extensively used mAbs in both human and veterinary pathology diagnostics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Investigation of PNL2 Reactivity of Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms and Comparison with Melan A

et al. 2010

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Abstract. PNL2 is a recently generated monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes normal and neoplastic melanocytes. Although the antigen recognized by PNL2 remains unknown, recent studies of human and mouse melanomas have confirmed its usefulness as a diagnostic marker. In the current study, the immunoreactivity of PNL2 in canine melanomas was tested and compared with Melan A (A103). Validation of PNL2 was performed by Western blot analysis. PNL2 and Melan A immunoreactivity were tested on frozen samples of canine melanomas and on 69 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded melanocytic neoplasms. Normal canine tissues and nonmelanocytic neoplasms were included as negative controls. Western blot confirmed the presence of a protein recognized by the PNL2 antibody in canine melanomas. Immunohistochemically, PNL2 stained the melanocytic neoplastic cells with an intracytoplasmic, granular pattern. Among the melanocytic neoplasms tested, 62% stained positively with PNL2 and 59% with Melan A; 50.7% stained positively with both mAbs. The overall percentage of neoplasms that stained positively with at least 1 of these 2 antibodies was 68%. The extent of staining (i.e., the percentage of cells stained per specimen) was greater with PNL2 than with Melan A. With both mAbs, staining was most intense and diffuse in the epithelioid cell phenotype. Neither nonspecific staining nor staining in cells other than melanocytes was detected with either mAb. In contrast to human granulocytes, canine granulocytes were negative by both Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. PNL2 mAb proved to be highly specific for the identification of formalinfixed canine melanocytic neoplasms and should be a valuable diagnostic reagent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Investigation of PNL2 Reactivity of Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms and Comparison with Melan A

et al. 2010

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“…Ocular melanosis results in significant thickening of the uveal structures and anterior sclera due to infiltration by pigment laden melanocytes, and to a lesser extent melanophages . Secondary glaucoma may subsequently occur due to impedance of the aqueous outflow by pigment .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual case of ocular melanosis and limbal melanocytoma with benign intraorbital extension in a dog

Dees

MacLaren

Teixeira

et al. 2012

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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This case report describes concurrent ocular melanosis and limbal melanocytoma in a 6-year-old Golden Retriever dog. Three years prior, the pet was examined for progressive corneal pigmentation and started on topical Tacrolimus but was subsequently lost to followup. Current ophthalmic examination revealed a large pigmented limbal mass and severe corneal pigmentation of the left eye as well as a small focal raised pigmented mass of the right third eyelid. Due to extent and rapidity of tumor growth, the left eye was removed via transconjunctival enucleation and submitted for histopathologic examination. At the time of surgery, numerous orbital structures including intraorbital fat, extraocular muscles, and portions of the proximal nasolacrimal drainage apparatus contained multifocal areas of black pigmentation. These tissues were subsequently removed and submitted for microscopic analysis. The pigmented mass of the right third eyelid was also excised. Histopathology of the left eye and orbital contents revealed a limbal melanocytoma extending to the bulbar conjunctiva and orbital space forming a large, markedly necrotic mass. Diffuse, severe ocular melanosis, abnormal stromal pigmentation of the sclera and orbital tissues, and corneal stromal pigmentation were noted. The mass of the right third eyelid was confirmed to be a conjunctival melanocytoma. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of concurrent ocular melanosis and limbal melanocytoma with orbital infiltration. The peculiar multifocal distribution of melanocytes throughout ocular connective tissues may explain the development of multiple melanocytic lesions in this patient.

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“…108,109 It is not clear whether these cells are melanocytes or melanophages (macrophages that have phagocytosed pigment granules), and underlying pathogenesis is also unclear. 110 Progression of disease is variable, but prognosis is poor for vision and globe retention in dogs that have developed glaucoma. Medical management and surgical interventions are generally minimally effective, and enucleation or evisceration is often required to relieve discomfort.…”

Section: Melanocytic Glaucoma/pigmentary Glaucoma/ocular Melanosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Secondary Glaucomas

Pumphrey

2015

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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Ocular melanosis in the Cairn Terrier: histopathological description of the condition, and immunohistological and ultrastructural characterization of the characteristic pigment‐laden cells

Abstract: Ocular melanosis in Cairn Terriers is characterized by an infiltration of pigment-laden cells predominantly, but not exclusively, within the anterior uvea and anterior sclera. Most of these cells appear to be melanocytes although a variable proportion are pigment-laden melanophages.

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Immunohistochemical Investigation of PNL2 Reactivity of Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms and Comparison with Melan A

Immunohistochemical Investigation of PNL2 Reactivity of Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms and Comparison with Melan A

An unusual case of ocular melanosis and limbal melanocytoma with benign intraorbital extension in a dog

Canine Secondary Glaucomas

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