Ocular Neovascularization: Genomic Implications

Abstract

Ocular neovascularization in the form of retinopathy, choroidal neovascularization, and age-related macular degeneration can be sight-threatening. Therapies have been directed at tissue ablation consisting of laser surgery and cryotherapy as well as medical therapies to reduce intraocular pressure. These therapies occur later in the course of many kinds of ocular neovascularization. Advances in the field of angiogenesis biology have been critical to understanding the biology of various forms of ocular neovascularization. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the prime candidate for target of new therapies. Basic cellular experiments, animal studies and studies in genetically altered mice have been extremely helpful in elucidating ocular vascular pathology. Identification of factors involved in neovascularization, such as VEGF, and modification of their expression are vital to moving the field of ocular angiogenesis forward for ultimate clinical benefit. Applications of genomics to neovascularization are being developed both for detection of populations at high risk and for potential therapeutic intervention. Molecular biologic tools such as angiostatic gene transfer may prove to be sight-saving in the near future.