Ocular prodrugs: Attributes and challenges

kour, Jagpreet; Kumari, Neha; Sapra, Bharti

doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2020.08.002

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Based on the constitution, lipophilicity parameter, bio-active pathway and catalyst involved in bio-activation, the design of prodrugs is categorised into carrier-linked prodrugs and bioprecursors [34,35] . The carrier-connected prodrugs are connected to a nontoxic moiety or carrier through a covalent bond to alter or relieve their unwanted properties [36] . These prodrug molecules undergo enzymatic or chemical cleavage to discharge the active drug molecule [37] (fig.…”

Section: Designing Of Prodrugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Highly Efficient Prodrug Strategies In Design, Development, Bioactive Pathway and Recent Therapeutic Applications

Chandravadivelu,

Magharla

2024

IJPS

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A prodrug is a chemically inert drug precursor, which upon biotransformation liberates the pharmacologically active parent compound. It is also called proagent, latentiated drug, bio reversible derivative and congeners. There are several reasons to utilize prodrug strategy in drug design. The drug is insufficient in solubility, absorption, distribution, lack of target site-specificity, prolonged-release, toxicity, instability, poor acceptance and formulation issues can be made to prodrug. The concept of prodrug acts as a significant alternative to solve pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic-related problems of drug molecules. Though a few studies have been concerned with some aspects of prodrugs, surprisingly there is no review on the complete information about prodrug and their recent applications. In the present study, an attempt had been made on the design, synthesis, development, bioactive pathway and latest research findings of newly synthesized prodrugs and their therapeutic uses.

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Section: Designing Of Prodrugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Highly Efficient Prodrug Strategies In Design, Development, Bioactive Pathway and Recent Therapeutic Applications

Chandravadivelu,

Magharla

2024

IJPS

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“…In ocular applications, various metabolic processes, such as enzymatic hydrolysis (e.g., with corneal esterases), are used to convert a prodrug to its active form, which can be tuned for specific control over the release at the target site. [47,48] Several prodrugs have been synthesized with lipid moieties to enhance cell membrane permeability after ocular administration to increase therapeutic efficacy. [49] Lipid-based prodrugs, including small-molecules and protein biologics, often include a chemical spacer to further improve bioavailability or tune drug release kinetics, by, for example, the use of either a bio-cleavable or stimulus-responsive linker.…”

Section: Drug Conjugates Overcome Ocular Cell Membrane Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Acting Ocular Injectables: Are We Looking In The Right Direction?

Dang,

Shoichet

2023

Advanced Science

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The complex anatomy and physiological barriers of the eye make delivering ocular therapeutics challenging. Generally, effective drug delivery to the eye is hindered by rapid clearance and limited drug bioavailability. Biomaterial‐based approaches have emerged to enhance drug delivery to ocular tissues and overcome existing limitations. In this review, some of the most promising long‐acting injectables (LAIs) in ocular drug delivery are explored, focusing on novel design strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes. LAIs are designed to enable sustained therapeutic effects, thereby extending local drug residence time and facilitating controlled and targeted drug delivery. Moreover, LAIs can be engineered to enhance drug targeting and penetration across ocular physiological barriers.

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“…The eye’s unique structure and sensitivity present significant challenges to drug delivery [ 21 ]. Over the past decade, numerous studies aimed at advancing the treatment of diverse ophthalmic diseases have highlighted both the challenges of ocular drug delivery and the need to overcome its limitations.…”

Section: Barriers To Drug Administration For Ocular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in Nanogels for Enhanced Ocular Drug Delivery: Cutting-Edge Strategies to Overcome Eye Barriers

Lee,

Noh

2023

Gels

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Nanomedicine in gel or particle formation holds considerable potential for enhancing passive and active targeting within ocular drug delivery systems. The complex barriers of the eye, exemplified by the intricate network of closely connected tissue structures, pose significant challenges for drug administration. Leveraging the capability of engineered nanomedicine offers a promising approach to enhance drug penetration, particularly through active targeting agents such as protein peptides and aptamers, which facilitate targeted release and heightened bioavailability. Simultaneously, DNA carriers have emerged as a cutting-edge class of active-targeting structures, connecting active targeting agents and illustrating their potential in ocular drug delivery applications. This review aims to consolidate recent findings regarding the optimization of various nanoparticles, i.e., hydrogel-based systems, incorporating both passive and active targeting agents for ocular drug delivery, thereby identifying novel mechanisms and strategies. Furthermore, the review delves into the potential application of DNA nanostructures, exploring their role in the development of targeted drug delivery approaches within the field of ocular therapy.

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Ocular prodrugs: Attributes and challenges

Cited by 22 publications

References 100 publications

An Overview of Highly Efficient Prodrug Strategies In Design, Development, Bioactive Pathway and Recent Therapeutic Applications

An Overview of Highly Efficient Prodrug Strategies In Design, Development, Bioactive Pathway and Recent Therapeutic Applications

Long‐Acting Ocular Injectables: Are We Looking In The Right Direction?

Advancements in Nanogels for Enhanced Ocular Drug Delivery: Cutting-Edge Strategies to Overcome Eye Barriers

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