Oculomotor abnormalities in schizophrenia

Hutton, Sam; Kennard, Christopher

doi:10.1212/wnl.50.3.604

Cited by 69 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Schizophrenia is associated with severe impairments in smooth pursuit (Hutton and Kennard, 1998) and research suggests that these impairments may be linked to impairments in motion processing (Chen, Nakayama et al, 2003;Chen, Levy et al, 1999;Stuve, Friedman et al, 1997). Attentional deficits are well documented in schizophrenia (see e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dividing attention on smooth pursuit eye tracking

Hutton

Tegally

2005

Exp Brain Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Article (Unspecified) http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Hutton, Samuel and Tegally, Davinder (2005) The effects of dividing attention on smooth pursuit eye tracking. Experimental Brain Research, 163 (3). pp. [306][307][308][309][310][311][312][313] This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/13219/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Attentional processes have traditionally been closely linked to the production of saccadic eye movements, but their role in the control of smooth pursuit eye movements remains unclear. In two experiments we used dual task paradigms to vary the attentional resources available for pursuit eye tracking. In both experiments we found that attentionally demanding secondary tasks impaired smooth pursuit performance, resulting in decreased velocity and increased position error. These findings suggest that attention is important for the maintenance of accurate smooth pursuit, and do not support the hypothesis that pursuit is a relatively automatic function that procedes optimally in the absence of attentional control. These results add weight to the suggestion that a similar functional architecture underlies both pursuit and saccadic eye movements.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dividing attention on smooth pursuit eye tracking

Hutton

Tegally

2005

Exp Brain Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, individuals with schizophrenia have long been recognized to exhibit a variety of disturbances in motor control. For example, numerous studies have demonstrated that schizophrenic subjects display abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements (Holzman et al 1973;Hutton and Kennard 1998;Levy et al 1994). The fastigial nucleus, the principal target of efferents from the cerebellar vermis (Ito 1984), is activated during pursuit eye movements (Fuchs et al 1993;Vilis and Hore 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, many subjects with schizophrenia exhibit abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements (Holzman et al 1973;Levy et al 1994;Hutton and Kennard 1998). In addition, some of the cognitive deficits observed in individuals with schizophrenia, such as impairments in planning, verbal fluency, abstract thinking, and working memory, are present in patients with cerebellar lesions (Schmahmann and Sherman 1998).…”

Section: The Cerebellum Seems To Play a Critical Role In Many Motor Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosine Hydroxylase- and Dopamine Transporter-Immunoreactive Axons in the Primate Cerebellum Evidence for a Lobular- and Laminar-Specific Dopamine Innervation

Melchitzky

Lewis

2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

140

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cerebellum seems to play a critical role in many motor and cognitive functions, including those that are disturbed in schizophrenia. Although dopamine is known to influence the motor or cognitive functions mediated by other brain regions and to play a role in the pathophysiologyThe primary function of the cerebellum has traditionally been considered to involve the control and integration of motor processes, including the coordination of goal-directed movements and the regulation of posture (Ito 1984). However, recent evidence suggests that the cerebellum may also be important in cognitive functions (Schmahmann 1991;Kim et al. 1994). For example, neuro-imaging studies have demonstrated activation in the cerebellum during word-association tasks (Petersen and Fiez 1993), as well as during mental imagery and mental counting (Ryding et al. 1993). These cognitive aspects of the cerebellum seem to involve the lateral hemispheres and the dentate nucleus (Schmahmann 1991;Petersen and Fiez 1993;Kim et al. 1994). In con- Received May 19, 1999; revised October 18, 1999; accepted October 22, 1999. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2000 -VOL . 22 , NO . 5 Dopamine Axons in Primate Cerebellum 467 trast, the medial regions of the cerebellum, such as the vermis and fastigial nucleus, are primarily associated with motor control of the trunk and head, including smooth pursuit eye movements (Ito 1984).The cerebellum has also been implicated as a site of dysfunction in schizophrenia, a disorder characterized by certain types of motor and cognitive impairments. For example, many subjects with schizophrenia exhibit abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements (Holzman et al. 1973;Levy et al. 1994;Hutton and Kennard 1998). In addition, some of the cognitive deficits observed in individuals with schizophrenia, such as impairments in planning, verbal fluency, abstract thinking, and working memory, are present in patients with cerebellar lesions (Schmahmann and Sherman 1998). Furthermore, studies of schizophrenic subjects have revealed reductions in cerebellar volume (Jacobsen et al. 1997;Weinberger et al. 1980), metabolism (Volkow et al. 1992, and blood flow (Steinberg et al. 1995), especially in the vermal regions. Consistent with these observations, the size of Purkinje cells has been reported to be decreased in the vermis of subjects with schizophrenia (Tran et al. 1998).Abnormalities in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission have long been considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Carlsson et al. 1997;Davis et al. 1991;Grace 1991;Snyder 1972;), and DA is known to play a critical role in the regulation of motor and cognitive functions in both cortical and subcortical structures (Goldman-Rakic 1998; Lewis and Sesack 1997). However, whether DA directly influences motor or cognitive functions at the level of the cerebellum is unclear. Historically, the cerebellum was not thought to utilize DA as a neurotransmitter, and the DA present in the cerebellum was considered to serve only as a precursor for noradrenaline. Mo...

show abstract

“…Schizophrenia subjects have abnormalities of eye movement control, with problems during smooth pursuit tasks being a consistent finding (Hutton & Kennard, 1998). In the simplest terms (see, e.g., Lisberger et al, 1987;Stanton et al, 2005), generating an accurate smooth pursuit response requires adequate motion perception (primarily an extrastriate cortex function) and generation of the correct motor response based on that perceptual information (primarily a frontal cortex function).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compromised speed discrimination among schizophrenia patients when viewing smooth pursuit targets

Clementz

McDowell

Dobkins

2007

Schizophrenia Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schizophrenia subjects' smooth pursuit abnormalities may reflect a problem with perception of motion, although evidence comes primarily from reports using stimuli that differ from standard smooth pursuit stimuli (i.e moving gratings or coherent dots). This study presented schizophrenia and healthy subjects with a forced choice speed discrimination paradigm using smooth pursuit-like stimuli. The schizophrenia subject's motion processing was impaired, as evidenced by their significantly higher speed discrimination thresholds (a difference that was 1.7 larger for the patient group). Abnormalities of motion perception in schizophrenia, even for simple stimuli, suggest a problem with motion processing in area MT.

show abstract

Oculomotor abnormalities in schizophrenia

Cited by 69 publications

References 28 publications

The effects of dividing attention on smooth pursuit eye tracking

The effects of dividing attention on smooth pursuit eye tracking

Tyrosine Hydroxylase- and Dopamine Transporter-Immunoreactive Axons in the Primate Cerebellum Evidence for a Lobular- and Laminar-Specific Dopamine Innervation

Compromised speed discrimination among schizophrenia patients when viewing smooth pursuit targets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About