OculoMotor Assessment Tool Test Procedure and Normative Data

Yaramothu, Chang; Morris, Christopher J.; d’Antonio-Bertagnolli, John Vito; Alvarez, Tara L.

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000001698

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The results of this study provide additional normative data for horizontal and vertical saccades and vergence jumps using the OMAT. Unlike the recent study of Yaramothu et al, 9 we found differences between children and adults and reported the data separately for each group. Statistically significant differences were found between the horizontal and vertical saccades of children and adults.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…For both horizontal and vertical saccades examiners used the instructions suggested in a previous publication. 9 “This task will be for 1 minute, look back and-forth between the target ‘X’s’ as fast as you can without overshooting or undershooting the ‘X.’ I will let you know when to stop. Start by looking at left/top green ‘X.” The vergence jumps procedure required the participant to look from a vertical line placed at the “A” point (24 cm) to a near vertical line placed at the “F” point (9 cm) keeping the lines single and clear after every jump vergence movement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I will let you know when to stop. Start by looking at the far line” 9 . The examiners counted the eye movements and timed one minute by using the OMAT companion iOS and Android smartphone application.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, only one study (USA-based) has been published with normative data. 9 In Yaramothu’s study, the mean age was 20.4 years with a range of 11 to 34 years of age. Forty two out of 376 participants were children (<18 years old).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…While clinicians can evaluate accommodation, vergence, and eye movements using traditional testing procedures, it would be useful to have a single, convenient instrument that would enable clinicians, including non-ophthalmic practitioners, to efficiently test these three areas of oculomotor function. The OculoMotor Assessment Tool (OMAT) 9 is a new diagnostic tool that was developed in response to the need for a standardized testing method to accurately assess the near point of convergence, accommodative amplitude, vergence jumps, and saccadic eye movements in patients with persistent concussive symptoms. There are five tests in the OMAT, and this study concentrates on the horizontal and vertical saccades, and the vergence jumps which represent assessments assess endurance and have not been part of traditional optometric care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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OculoMotor Assessment Tool: Children Compared with Adults

Eichler¹,

Mivtachi²,

Hershkovitz-Azoulay³

et al. 2022

OPTO

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Purpose To provide additional normative data for the OculoMotor Assessment Tool (OMAT) for horizontal and vertical saccades and vergence jumps and to compare the results of children to adults. Methods Participants with visual acuity of logMAR ≥0.0 (6/6) and Randot stereopsis of at least 250 sec of arc without binocular disorders were recruited. Horizontal and vertical saccades, near point of convergence (NPC), accommodation and vergence jumps were evaluated using the OMAT. Means and standard deviations were reported for all parameters in children and adults. Results A total of 52 participants (ages 9–34, mean age 17.5 ± 7.2 years) participated in this study. Statistically significant differences were found for horizontal and vertical saccades with lower mean results in children, aged 9–18 (111.5 ± 20.9 and 112.5 ± 22.7, respectively) compared to adults, aged 19–34 (131.6 ± 23.9 and 126.2 ± 24.2, respectively) (P = 0.002 and 0.04, respectively). The mean of the last 30 seconds of both horizontal and vertical saccades were statistically significantly lower in the children’s group (52.5 ± 10.6 and 52.1 ± 11.3, respectively) compared to the adults (63.2 ± 10.2 and 59.3 ± 13.4, respectively) (P = 0.001 and 0.04, respectively). The normative values for horizontal and vertical saccades were 119.6 ± 23.9 and 118.1 ± 24.1 saccades per minute, respectively. NPC break and recovery were 2.3 ± 2.3cm and 3.0 ± 3.3cm, respectively. The vergence jumps assessment was 79.3 ± 21.19 movements per minute. Conclusion Normative values for the OMAT test were found in this study for children and adults. Assessment of endurance found children norms significantly lower for horizontal and vertical saccades compared to adults.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

OculoMotor Assessment Tool: Children Compared with Adults

Eichler¹,

Mivtachi²,

Hershkovitz-Azoulay³

et al. 2022

OPTO

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Effectiveness of treatment for concussion-related convergence insufficiency: The CONCUSS study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

Alvarez,

Scheiman,

Gohel

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Purpose To describe CONCUSS, a randomized clinical trial (RCT) designed to compare the following: the effectiveness of immediate office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with movement (OBVAM) to delayed OBVAM as treatments for concussion-related convergence insufficiency (CONC-CI) to understand the impact of time (watchful waiting), the effect of OBVAM dosage (12 versus 16 therapy sessions), and to investigate the underlying neuro-mechanisms of OBVAM on CONC-CI participants. Methods CONCUSS is an RCT indexed on https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05262361 enrolling 100 participants aged 11–25 years with medically diagnosed concussion, persistent post-concussive symptoms 4–24 weeks post-injury, and symptomatic convergence insufficiency. Participants will receive standard concussion care and will be randomized to either immediate OBVAM or delayed (by six weeks) OBVAM. At the Outcome 1 examination (week 7), clinical assessments of success as determined by changes in the near point of convergence (NPC), positive fusional vergence (PFV), and symptoms will be compared between the two treatment groups. After the Outcome 1 visit, those in the delayed group receive 16 visits of OBVAM, while those in the immediate OBVAM group receive four more therapy visits. Outcome 2 assessment will be used to compare both groups after participants receive 16 sessions of OBVAM. The primary measure is the between-group differences of the composite change in the NPC and PFV at the Outcome 1 visit. Secondary outcome measures include individual clinical measures, objective eye-tracking parameters, and functional brain imaging. Conclusions Major features of the study design include formal definitions of conditions and outcomes, standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols, a delayed treatment arm, masked outcome examinations, and the incorporation of objective eye movement recording and brain imaging as outcome measures. CONCUSS will establish best practices in the clinical care of CONC-CI. The objective eye movement and brain imaging, correlated with the clinical signs and symptoms, will determine the neuro-mechanisms of OBVAM on CONC-CI.

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Vision Quality of Life with Time Survey: Normative Data and Repeatability

Dungan,

Scheiman,

Yaramothu

2023

OPTO

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Purpose To develop a novel Vision Quality of Life (QoL) survey that emphasizes the amount of time a visual activity can be performed before symptoms occur. Methods The Vision Quality of Life with Time (VisQuaL-T) survey was developed with 10 daily activities and a list of common visual symptoms. Participants were recruited from a university campus. Participants were not excluded based on binocular impairments to obtain a normative dataset. Participants were instructed to denote when they first experience symptoms within certain time ranges. If participants did not engage in one of the 10 activities, they were instructed to denote “N/A”. A composite score (range 0–3) was determined by only accounting for the questions that were answered. Results The normative data cohort had a sample size of 376 participants and the repeatability cohort had 54 participants. The normative, test, and retest datasets had a mean composite score of 2.47±0.54, 2.69±0.42, and 2.67±0.49 and 95% confidence interval of 2.38–2.71, 2.58–2.81, 2.54–2.80, respectively. There was good reliability and high correlation between the test and retest timepoints with an ICC of 0.825 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.839 in the repeatability cohort. The normative data cohort showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.803. Test and retest timepoints showed no statistical significance among the individual questions (p > 0.1). Conclusion A lower bound score of 2.4 can potentially be used to differentiate visually normal and symptomatic participants. Statistical analysis showed the survey is repeatable and reliable. Using time as a metric for assessing symptomology could be a useful method for identifying patients with QoL issues and for assessing effectiveness of binocular vision, accommodative, and eye movement treatments.

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OculoMotor Assessment Tool Test Procedure and Normative Data

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

OculoMotor Assessment Tool: Children Compared with Adults

OculoMotor Assessment Tool: Children Compared with Adults

Effectiveness of treatment for concussion-related convergence insufficiency: The CONCUSS study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

Vision Quality of Life with Time Survey: Normative Data and Repeatability

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