Odontogenic MSC Heterogeneity: Challenges and Opportunities for Regenerative Medicine

Chen, Yuan; Zhang, Zhaoyichun; Yang, Xiaoxue; Liu, Anqi; Liu, Shiyu; Feng, Jianying; Xuan, Kun

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.827470

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…However, MSCs extracted from adult tissues have significant heterogeneity, which can lead to distinct effects among different donors and cell passage times ( Chen et al, 2022 ). ESCs are single cells biopsied from eight-cell stage embryos, which are highly specialized pluripotent cells ( Hur et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Msc-evs Participate In Different Regeneration Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials constructed for MSC-derived extracellular vesicle loading and delivery—a promising method for tissue regeneration

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become the preferred seed cells for tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, due to their immunogenicity and tumorigenicity, MSC transplantation remains questionable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs are becoming a promising substitute for MSCs. As a route of the MSC paracrine, EVs have a nano-sized and bilayer lipid-enclosed structure, which can guarantee the integrity of their cargoes, but EVs cannot obtain full function in vivo because of the rapid biodegradation and clearance by phagocytosis. To improve the efficacy and targeting of EVs, methods have been proposed and put into practice, especially engineered vesicles and EV-controlled release systems. In particular, EVs can be cell or tissue targeting because they have cell-specific ligands on their surfaces, but their targeting ability may be eliminated by the biodegradation of the phagocytic system during circulation. Novel application strategies have been proposed beyond direct injecting. EV carriers such as biodegradable hydrogels and other loading systems have been applied in tissue regeneration, and EV engineering is also a brand-new method for higher efficacy. In this review, we distinctively summarize EV engineering and loading system construction methods, emphasizing targeting modification methods and controlled release systems for EVs, which few literature reviews have involved.

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Section: Msc-evs Participate In Different Regeneration Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials constructed for MSC-derived extracellular vesicle loading and delivery—a promising method for tissue regeneration

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Conventionally, MSCs were considered a unified group of fusiform cells. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence suggests that MSCs are functionally and morphologically heterogeneous in essence[ 18 , 19 ]. High-throughput single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is powerful for disclosing the complexity and diversity of cells and relationships among genes involved in tissues, and offers an opportunity to explore unbiased gene expression profiling of cells[ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single cell RNA sequencing reveals mesenchymal heterogeneity and critical functions of Cd271 in tooth development

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Zeng³

et al. 2023

World J Stem Cells

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BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the maxillary process, to which cranial crest cells migrate, is essential to tooth development. Emerging studies indicate that Cd271 plays an essential role in odontogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. AIM To establish the functionally heterogeneous population in the maxillary process, elucidate the effects of Cd271 deficiency on gene expression differences. METHODS p75NTR knockout ( Cd271 -/- ) mice (from American Jackson laboratory) were used to collect the maxillofacial process tissue of p75NTR knockout mice, and the wild-type maxillofacial process of the same pregnant mouse wild was used as control. After single cell suspension, the cDNA was prepared by loading the single cell suspension into the 10x Genomics Chromium system to be sequenced by NovaSeq6000 sequencing system. Finally, the sequencing data in Fastq format were obtained. The FastQC software is used to evaluate the quality of data and CellRanger analyzed the data. The gene expression matrix is read by R software, and Seurat is used to control and standardize the data, reduce the dimension and cluster. We search for marker genes for subgroup annotation by consulting literature and database; explore the effect of p75NTR knockout on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) gene expression and cell proportion by cell subgrouping, differential gene analysis, enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis; understand the interaction between MSCs cells and the differentiation trajectory and gene change characteristics of p75NTR knockout MSCs by cell communication analysis and pseudo-time analysis. Last we verified the findings single cell sequencing in vitro . RESULTS We identified 21 cell clusters, and we re-clustered these into three subclusters. Importantly, we revealed the cell–cell communication networks between clusters. We clarified that Cd271 was significantly associated with the regulation of mineralization. CONCLUSION This study provides comprehensive mechanistic insights into the maxillary- process-derived MSCs and demonstrates that Cd271 is significantly associated with the odontogenesis in mesenchymal populations.

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Odontogenic MSC Heterogeneity: Challenges and Opportunities for Regenerative Medicine

Cited by 2 publications

References 114 publications

Biomaterials constructed for MSC-derived extracellular vesicle loading and delivery—a promising method for tissue regeneration

Biomaterials constructed for MSC-derived extracellular vesicle loading and delivery—a promising method for tissue regeneration

Single cell RNA sequencing reveals mesenchymal heterogeneity and critical functions of Cd271 in tooth development

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