Off-grid photovoltaic vehicle charge using second life lithium batteries: An experimental and numerical investigation

Tong, Shi Jie; Same, Adam; Kootstra, Mark A.; Park, Jae Wan

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.046

Cited by 173 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The second strategy deals with the inner parts of the battery, the process consist in dismantling it into modules to regroup them again forming a new battery product better designed for 2 nd life applications. This latter option was first presented by Sandia National Laboratories in 2003 [8] and can go even further in dismantling until the cell level to afterwards refurbish a new battery [35]. These strategies are called direct reused or battery repurposing respectively.…”

Section: Second Life Management Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Electric Vehicles Battery Second Life Remanufacture and Management

Casals

Garca

2016

JGE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electric cars are entering into the automotive market. However, their prices are still expensive mostly due to the battery cost. Additionally, electric vehicle batteries are considered not useful for traction purposes after they have lost a 20% of its capacity. Having still an 80% of its capacity, these batteries may work on stationary applications with lower requirements than electric mobility.In order to recover part of the battery costs came out the idea of giving batteries a second life. Nonetheless, before its reuse, these batteries should follow a transformation process that, although valuable, it is not simple. They should be collected, checked and adapted, if necessary, to their new application requirements. Nowadays, each car manufacturer has its own battery partner using a particular cell shape and chemistry. Additionally, each battery has different module configurations and electronic control parameters and equipment. Moreover, each battery model has a particular refrigeration system in the final packaging that forms the whole battery. All these aspects put the reusability of electric vehicle batteries into a narrow path where a bad step could lead to business collapse. This study shows some of the difficulties and issues that should be taken into account when managing second life battery businesses.

show abstract

Section: Second Life Management Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Electric Vehicles Battery Second Life Remanufacture and Management

Casals

Garca

2016

JGE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To this end, the charging system is necessarily equipped with an Energy storage unit (ESU) in order to be able to deliver continuously the power to the EV battery during night or when the PV modules cannot produce the sufficient energy [9]. For instance, In [10] authors proposed a standalone photovoltaic vehicle charge using second life lithium batteries as ESU.…”

Section: Pv-grid Charging Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A technological review on electric vehicle DC charging stations using photovoltaic sources

Cheddadi

Errahimi

Es-Sbai

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.Within the next few years, Electrified vehicles are destined to become the essential component of the transport field. Consequently, the charging infrastructure should be developed in the same time. Among this substructure, Charging stations photovoltaic-assisted are attracting a substantial interest due to increased environmental awareness, cost reduction and rise in efficiency of the PV modules. The intention of this paper is to review the technological status of Photovoltaic-Electric vehicle (PV-EV) charging stations during the last decade. The PV-EV charging station is divided into two categories, which are PV-grid and PVstandalone charging systems. From a practical point view, the distinction between the two architectures is the bidirectional inverter, which is added to link the station to the smart grid. The technological infrastructure includes the common hardware components of every station, namely: PV array, dc-dc converter provided with MPPT control, energy storage unit, bidirectional dc charger and inverter. We investigate, compare and evaluate many valuable researches that contain the design and control of PV-EV charging system. Additionally, this concise overview reports the studies that include charging standards, the power converters topologies that focus on the adoption of Vehicle-to grid technology and the control for both PV-grid and PV standalone DC charging systems.

show abstract

“…Then, as it happened with the module strategy, cells are grouped by remaining capacity or SOH. An example of this methodology was used in a 172 cells battery design for an Off-grid photovoltaic system (Tong, Same, Kootstra & Park, 2013) or by Relectrify company, which uses laptop aged batteries to prepare new battery sets. However, this latter option is scarcely analyzed for several reasons: It demands harder work to dismantle the battery and to pack it up again, ending up in a more expensive process.…”

Section: Remanufacturing Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric vehicle battery reuse: Preparing for a second life

Casals

García

Oliver

2017

JIEM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Purpose: On pursue of economic revenue, the second life of electric vehicle batteries is closer to reality. Common electric vehicles reach the end of life when their batteries loss between a 20 or 30% of its capacity. However, battery technology is evolving fast and the next generation of electric vehicles will have between 300 and 400 km range. This study analyzes different End of Life scenarios according to battery capacity and their possible second life's opportunities.Additionally, an analysis of the electric vehicle market, EV manufacturers and environmental impact defines a possible location for battery repurposing or remanufacturing plants.Design/methodology/approach: Using the center of mass equation taking 3 parameters: electric vehicle market, manufacturers and environmental impact this study suggests a location to settle a battery repurposing plant from a logistic and environmental perspective. This paper presents several possible applications and remanufacture processes of EV batteries according to the state of health after their collection, analyzing both the direct reuse of the battery and the module dismantling strategy. Findings:The study presents that Germany seems a good location to build a battery repurposing plant because of its closeness to EV manufacturers and the potential European EV markets, observing a strong relation between the EV market share and the income per capita.9% of the batteries may be send back to an EV as reposition battery, 70% will be prepared for stationary or high capacity installations such as grid services, residential use, Hybrid trucks or -266-Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management -https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2009 electric boats. Finally, the remaining 20% is to be dismantled into modules or cells for smaller applications, such as bicycles or assisting robots.Originality/value: Most of studies related to the EV battery reuse take for granted that they will all have an 80% of its capacity. This study analyzes and proposes a distribution of battery reception and presents different 2 nd life alternatives according to their state of health.

show abstract

Off-grid photovoltaic vehicle charge using second life lithium batteries: An experimental and numerical investigation

Cited by 173 publications

References 19 publications

Assessing Electric Vehicles Battery Second Life Remanufacture and Management

Assessing Electric Vehicles Battery Second Life Remanufacture and Management

A technological review on electric vehicle DC charging stations using photovoltaic sources

Electric vehicle battery reuse: Preparing for a second life

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About