“…Furthermore, as the volume of atrial fibrillation procedures rises, concern over patient and staff radiation exposure continues to increase 2, 12, 13. While nonfluoroscopic guidance systems, such as ICE, TEE, and 3D EAM, have been increasingly used in catheter ablation procedures to reduce or completely eliminate fluoroscopy,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 14 transseptal access is often regarded as the main challenge in completely nonfluoroscopic catheter ablation 15 . This step requires visualization of the drop-down of the device tip from the brachiocephalic vein or SVC to the fossa ovalis, which is traditionally performed under fluoroscopic guidance.…”