Office-based lower airway endoscopy (OLAE) in pediatric patients: A high-value procedure

Efficacy and rebound rates in propranolol‐treated subglottic hemangioma: A literature review

“…Given the high efficacy rate in this study and the existing literature, clinical observation of the patient is warranted not only during treatment but also during weaning of propranolol to ensure response to treatment is adequate and rebound growth is not occurring. The use of operative endoscopy or a nonsedated in‐office lower‐airway endoscopy should be based on symptoms and provider discretion . If initial endoscopy after treatment initiation reveals that there is no hemangioma, then serial endoscopy is not needed unless new symptoms arise.…”

“…The use of operative endoscopy or a nonsedated in-office lower-airway endoscopy should be based on symptoms and provider discretion. 55 If initial endoscopy after treatment initiation reveals that there is no hemangioma, then serial endoscopy is not needed unless new symptoms arise. Following initial management of a patient with subglottic hemangioma, with or without PHACE syndrome, subsequent endoscopy should be considered if new symptoms arise or flexible laryngoscopy reveals worsening disease.…”

Rate of new findings in diagnostic office bronchoscopy

“…Office‐based awake FTB is an example of a procedure that has transitioned from the hospital to office setting due to its diagnostic utility, low complication rates, potential for cost savings, and convenience . This procedure is not only used in laryngology clinics but has also gained popularity in head and neck cancer surveillance, thoracic and lung transplant surgery, and pediatric airway evaluation …”

“…The utility of outpatient awake transnasal bronchoscopy in evaluation and surveillance of head and neck pathology has been previously reported . This procedure was also proven to be safe in the pediatric population for diagnosis of congenital airway anomalies . Multiple studies have demonstrated growing interest in this office procedure among thoracic and lung transplant surgeons as a quick and cost‐effective tool for an expedited patient evaluation …”

“…Use of awake flexible tracheobronchoscopy (FTB) in outpatient settings has been described in the literature as a screening tool for evaluation and treatment of airway‐related disorders . In contrast to rigid bronchoscopy or sedated flexible bronchoscopy in the bronchoscopy suite, awake FTB does not require general anesthesia or sedation and allows dynamic examination of the tracheobronchial tree with topical anesthesia alone .…”