Official recommendations for vitamin D through the life stages in developed countries

Kimball, Samantha; Holick, Michael F.

doi:10.1038/s41430-020-00706-3

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is striking that the average serum level of 25(OH)D we observed was 10.67 ± 6.34 ng/mL (~25 nmol/L). Such values are not uncommon among clinical populations in China but are approximately half the commonly agreed minimum target level for vitamin D sufficiency ( 21 ). To our knowledge, vitamin D status has not been reported in other studies to allow comparison with other cohorts of patients with PHPT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased thyroid malignancy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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Background: Multiple studies have reported increased incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). However, the underlying risk factors of concomitant thyroid cancer in patients with PHPT remain unknown. The primary aim of this study was to examine the records of patients with PHPT to identify characteristics that correlated with the presence of coexisting thyroid nodules, and which may have an implication for the prediction of thyroid cancer. Methods: Medical records of consecutive patients with PHPT (n=318) were reviewed from Jan 2010 to Sep 2020 in two tertiary medical centers in China. Patient clinicopathological and biological data were collected and analyzed. Results: Of a total of 318 patients with PHPT, 105 (33.0%) patients had thyroid nodules and 26 (8.2%) patients were concomitant with thyroid cancer. A total of 38 thyroid nodules taken from 26 patients were pathologically assessed to be well-differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), with 81% being papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). In 79% (30/38) of these cancers, thyroid nodules were considered suspicious following preoperative ultrasound. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender was associated with increased risk of thyroid nodules (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.13-3.99, p = 0.019), while lower log-transformed parathyroid hormone levels were an independent predictor of thyroid cancer in patients with PHPT (OR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.26-0.93, p = 0.028). Conclusion: In conclusion, we observed a relatively high prevalence of thyroid cancer in our cohort of Chinese patients with PHPT. Evaluation of thyroid nodules by preoperative ultrasound may be advisable in patients with PHPT, particularly for females and patients with modestly elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased thyroid malignancy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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“…The World Health Organization and the UK's Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) state that 25-OHD levels <25 nmol/L (10 mg/mL) is the deficiency threshold [17][18][19] with regard to the prevention of rickets and osteomalacia, and the WHO also defines vitamin D insufficiency as 25-OHD levels <50 nmol/L. However, the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines 25-OHD levels <30 nmol/L as deficiency, 30-50 nmol/L as inadequacy and >50 nmol/L as sufficient [20].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are few dietary sources of vitamin D. The major providers are fat spreads (which are often fortified with vitamin D), fish, eggs, pastry products, fortified breakfast cereals and meat [18].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Health, Fragility and Fractures

Wilson

Calcraft

Neville

et al. 2021

Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults

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Achieving and maintaining skeletal health throughout the life trajectory is essential for the prevention of bone diseases such as rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Rickets and osteomalacia are usually a result of calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency, causing softening of bones and bone pain, and both conditions are treatable with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporosis is a multifaceted disease mainly affecting older people, and its pathogenesis (and hence treatment) is more complex. Untreated osteoporosis results in fragility fractures causing morbidity and increased mortality.Nutrition is one of many factors that influence bone mass and risk of bone disease. Developing a nutritional sciences approach is a feasible option for improving bone health.The importance of adequate calcium and vitamin D in ensuring skeletal integrity throughout the life course has a sound evidence base. Poor vitamin D status in population groups of all ages is widespread across many countries (including affluent and non-affluent areas). Public health approaches are required to correct this given the fact that vitamin D is not just required for musculoskeletal health but also for other health outcomes.Dietary protein may be beneficial for bone due to its effect of increasing insulin-like growth-factor-1 (IGF-1). Recent meta-analyses show that dietary protein has a beneficial role to play in bone health at all ages.Other nutritional factors and nutrients (such as potassium, magnesium, vitamin K and acid-base balance) are also likely to have an important role in bone health, though the literature is less clear in terms of the association/relationship and more research is required.

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“…The duration of exposure needed to reach the Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED) (i.e., the minimal dose that produces a just noticeable actinic erythema on a single individual's previously unexposed skin-http://cie.co.at/eilvterm/17-26-068, accessed on 8 April 2021) and the sun-synthesized daily vitamin D dose equivalent to 1000 IU (International Units) or 2000 IU taken orally will be calculated. These threshold values are recommended from recent national and overall guidelines for adults to keep adequate vitamin D level [21,22]. Although many countries recommend lower doses for vitamin supplementation, many researches show, that even the daily dose of 2000 IU could not be enough to increase the level of the serum of the 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) above 30 ng/mL [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimations of the Erythemal UV Doses and the Amount of the Sun-Synthesized Vitamin D by Adults during the Cruise to Spitsbergen–Polar Measurement Campaign (2–21 July 2017)

Czerwińska

Czuchraj²

2021

Atmosphere

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UV index (UVI) measurements were carried out by the hand-held instrument Solarmeter 6.5 onboard of MS Horyzont II during the cruise from Poland (Gdynia) to Spitsbergen (and back) in the period from 2 to 21 July 2017. A method is proposed to estimate the erythemal doses and sun-synthesized amount of vitamin D from a limited number of daily UVI observations. This study shows that the erythema could appear in a person with Caucasian type of skin characterized by Minimum Erythema Dose (MED) ~250 J m−2 after ~1 h exposure near the polar circle and up to few hours in the Svalbard. During this time, it was possible to get the dose of vitamin D3 equivalent to ~1000 IU of oral intake. The protection against UV overexposure should be applied even if UVI values during the cruise in the Arctic were always below the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) warning threshold of 3. To provide adequate amount of vitamin D, the exposure should be continued until getting 1 MED, after which the vitamin supplementation (or a diet rich in vitamin D) is necessary.

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Official recommendations for vitamin D through the life stages in developed countries

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Increased thyroid malignancy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

Increased thyroid malignancy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

Bone Health, Fragility and Fractures

Estimations of the Erythemal UV Doses and the Amount of the Sun-Synthesized Vitamin D by Adults during the Cruise to Spitsbergen–Polar Measurement Campaign (2–21 July 2017)

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