“…The one-way process of adopting foreign technology [19,199] All the activities underpin the transition of a group of factors (such as knowledge, technology, and methods) from scientific research to markets [200][201][202] An active process in which advanced technologies are transferred between two different factors [49] Profitable operation of inter-branch technology transfer [25,41,48,53] The development process to create innovation [17,18,203] The process of creating and trading rights through a patent [23,204] The process of creating and trading rights through patents using the university's reputation [24,52] The process of entering the economy through technology transfer specialists [26,51] The process of implementing technology through projects and programs [32,50] The process of integrating university research into markets. [16,20,127,205,206] The process of introducing new equipment and know-how [62] The process of introducing technology through a business model [47,63] The process of trading technology through the university's technology transfer office [22,33,34,129,207] The two-way process of delivering technology to an organization through a technology transfer office [21] https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293951.t004…”