Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Waste Pretreatment with Benzotriazolium-Based Ionic Liquids for Cellulose Conversion to Glucose: Experiments with Computational Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract

This study aims to utilize benzotriazolium salt-ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents in the oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste pretreatment along with bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer. Three ILs have been synthesized and tested as EFB solvents by a microwave-heating method. Those are organic salts of 1,3-methyl-octyl-1,2,3-benzotriazolium ([MOBzt]+) cation with three kinds of anions such as bromide ([Br]-), acetate ([CH3COO]-), and thiocyanate ([SCN]-). The bibliometric analysis showed that new research needs to be conducted to improve the development of research relating to biomass pretreatment. The highest solubility of EFB is in [MOBzt]CH3COO is about 7,5% w/w. The effect of anions on the ability to dissolve EFB is CH3COO-SCN-Br-. When subject to ILs pretreatment, EFB exhibited increased cellulose crystallinity, changed in the structure of cellulose I to cellulose II, reduced particle size, and decreased lignin content compared to untreated one, improving the glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest glucose yield (1,237 mg/mL) was obtained when the EFB was pretreated by [MOBzt]CH3COO with enzymatic hydrolysis for 24 hours. This research is expected to contribute to the development of new biomass pretreatment methods.

A review of biomaterial as an adsorbent: From the bibliometric literature review, the definition of dyes and adsorbent, the adsorption phenomena and isotherm models, factors affecting the adsorption process, to the use of typha species waste as adsorbent

“…Detailed information for the step-by-step procedure for the use of bibliometric analysis is shown elsewhere [106]. Bibliometric analysis has been used in many areas and utilized as a frontier to understand the research trend [107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116].…”

Transformation of Agro-Waste into Value-Added Bioproducts and Bioactive Compounds: Micro/Nano Formulations and Application in the Agri-Food-Pharma Sector

“…Green pretreatment involves ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents, and natural deep eutectic solvents. Pretreatment with ILs improved glucose production from enzymatic hydrolysis by increasing cellulose crystallinity and decreasing particle size and lignin level [46]. Enhanced lignin and cellulose breakdown occurred by breaking intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds [47].…”

Management Information Systems: Bibliometric Analysis and Its Effect on Decision Making

“…We add to our research a bibliometric analysis of information systems management topics. Bibliometrics has been widely applied in many areas (Al Husaeni & Nandiyanto, 2022a;Al Husaeni & Nandiyanto, 2022b;Bilad, 2022;Fauziah & Nandiyanto, 2022;Hamidah et al, 2020;Hirawan et al, 2022;Hizqiyah et al, 2022;Husain et al, 2022;Kurniati et al, 2022;Luckyardi et al, 2022;Maryanti et al, 2022;Misbah et al, 2022a;Misbah et al, 2022b;Mudzakir et al, 2022;Mulyawati & Ramadhan, 2021;Nandiyanto et al, 2023a;Nandiyanto et al, 2020;Nasrudin et al, 2022;Nordin, 2022a;Nordin, 2022b;Nugraha & Nandiyanto, 2022;Ragdhita & Nandiyanto, 2022;Riandi et al, 2022;Sahidin et al, 2023;Saputra et al, 2022;Satiyo et al, 2021;Shidiq, 2023;Shidiq et al, 2021;Soegoto et al, 2022;Solehuddin et al, 2023;Sudarjat, 2023;Sukyadi et al, 2023;Utama et al, 2023;Wiendartun et al, 2022;Wirzal & Putra, 2022).…”