Ointment Formulation and Characterization of Arum Manis Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves’ Methanol Extract as an Antibacterial Agent Against Propionibacterium acnes

Abstract

Background: Acne is caused by several factors including the active secretion of sebaceous sweat glands, hyperkeratosis in the hair infundibulum and the effects of bacteria. One of the plants that has the potential as an antibacterial is the extract of arumanis mango leaves. Method: Determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of methanol extract of mango leaves which can inhibit Propionibacterium acnes activity. The antibacterial activity tests were performed using agar diffusion. The ointment formulation, the characteristics of ointment preparations and the ointment activity against P. Acnes are discussed. Result: MIC of methanol extract of mango leaves value is 5 ppm with an inhibition zone of 1 mm. The ointment obtained is white, has distinctive smell, semisolid form, possesses a pH of 4.92 - 5.87, dispersive power of 5.05 - 6.30 cm, adhesive power of 1 - 3.67 seconds, homogeneous and protective. Ointment preparations of methanol extract of mango leaves has activity on P. acnes on the 0 and 15th day of storage. The activities of ointment preparation on day 0 with concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm are 0.00 mm; 10.20 mm; 19.97 mm and 23.60 mm respectively, while the inhibition zones produced by the preparation of ointment on day 15 with concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm are 0.00 mm; 5.71 mm; 9.58 mm and 21.88 mm respectively. Conclusion: Methanol extract of mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.) and oinment preparation are able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes.

Utilisation of Mangifera indica plant extracts and parts in antimicrobial formulations and as a pharmaceutical excipient: a review

“…The pH value of 6.56- 6.99 was reported. Another study by Ningsih et al [ 50 ] was conducted to formulate an antibacterial ointment from mango leaf methanol extract. The inhibitory activity of the ointment was assessed against Propionibacterium acnes using the agar diffusion method which was indicated by measurement of the ZOI for 15 days.…”

Ointment Formulation of Arumanis Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaf Extract with Chitosan Tripoliphosphate Matrix as Antibacterial

“…Antibacterial Activity Test (Ningsih et al, 2020) The antibacterial activity test was conducted using agar diffusion method (well). The sample was mango leaf extract-chitosan biomaterial.…”

“…The methanol extract of arumanis mango leaves can be formulated into the ointment preparations and inhibit C. albicans at the concentration of 125 ppm with the inhibition zone of 9.51 mm (Ningsih et al, 2019). The arumanis mango leaf extract can be formulated into ointment and inhibit Propionebacterium acnes at the concentration of 15 ppm with the inhibition zone of 21.88 mm (Ningsih et al, 2020). The use of ointment made from the mango leaf extract as antibacterial can increase its potential application in the form of biomaterials.…”

Action of Mangifera indica Leaf Extract on Acne-Prone Skin through Sebum Harmonization and Targeting C. acnes

“…Indeed, polyphenols are the main identified compounds in mango and mangiferin, a C-glucoside xanthone, is the major phytomarker of all the parts of mango (peel, leaves, twigs, bark) [ 18 , 19 ]. Mangiferin is widely distributed in higher plants where it provides protection against different forms of static and dynamic stresses including pathogenic microorganisms [ 20 ].…”